LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 77 



attempted too much ; but, this notwithstanding, he finally produced 

 a novel entitled ' In Castle and Manor,' which was published but a 

 few days before his death. As a philosophic writer he leaves us a 

 vast amount of thoughtful material which will repay perusal ; and 

 he will ever be remembered for his attitude towards the Darwinian 

 doctrine of ' Natural Selection,', which he systematically opposed,, 

 and for his constant reiteration of the belief that evolution proceeds 

 from some internal force and is due to processes which are sudden 

 and distinct, and that the ' mind ' of the brute and the conceptual 

 mind of man are distinct things, between which a connection is 

 inconceivable. 



Mivart Mas a man of imposing physique, of clarming tempera- 

 ment. An ideal host, a courteous, considerate friend. He was 

 a fiuent French scholar and a capital talker. His middle life was 

 passed in London and Sussex and at ChiUvorth in Surrey, until 

 1894, when he developed a roaming tendency, imagining himself 

 a malade. He finally settled in London, at 77 Inverness Terrace,- 

 where, after a series of heart attacks, he died suddenly on 1st April,. 

 1900, vigorous and resistful to the last. 



In addition to the Lectureship afore-mentioned, he was in 1874 

 appointed Professor of Biology in a short-lived Catholic College at 

 Kensington; and during the years 1890-1893 he was 'Professor of 

 the Philosophy of jNatural History ' at the University of Louvain, 

 where he delivered two or three courses of lectures in French. 



From Louvain he in 1884 received the degree of M.D., and 

 from Eome in 1886 that of Ph.D. He was elected a Fellow of 

 the Eoyal Society in 1869 ; and was a Fellow and several times a 

 Vice-President of the Zoological Society, the interests of which 

 he for long years had earnestly at heart. He was a Fellow and 

 Member of several other scientific societies and bodies, and from 

 time to time took part in the management of all to which he 

 belonged. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on 

 20th March, 1862, and was for six years its Zoological Secretary and 

 for several one of its Yice-Presidents. His ready help in all that 

 concerned its welfare was always conspicuous, and he was during 

 recent years its social head as Hon. Treasurer of the Linnean 

 Society Club. 



A lichenologist of the old school has passed away in the person 

 of William Nylandee, who died in Paris 29th March, 1900. 



He was born at Uleaborg in Finland on 2nd January, 1822. 

 In 1839 he began the study of medicine at the University of 

 Helsingfors, but did not obtain his doctorate till 1847. He was^ 

 drawn early in his student-life to the study of insects and plants, 

 but his forte became that of a descriptive lichenologist. The 

 Abbe Hue, in the ' Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France,' 

 xlvi. (1899) pp. 159-165, has drawn up a full bibliography, from, 

 which we learn that his total scientific contributions amount to no 

 less than 232, one of these being in 47 parts, though most were 

 of a few pages only. 



The first paper from his pen was on the ants of the northern- 



