LINIsEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON. 79 



examination, the whole question of symbiosis, affirming, without 

 furnishing proof, that the gonidia are directly deri\ed from the 

 germination of the lichen-s]Dores. It was this -v^hich made him 

 quit the laboratory of the 3Iuseum d'Histoire Naturelle, where he 

 had worked for years, and he never returned. It became a haunting 

 spectre, and those who did not think with him were loolied upon 

 as personal enemies. Nylauder readily welcomed young workers in 

 lichenology, and prompted them to publish something to Avhich he 

 could add a little article on the ' Autonomy ' of lichens. It was 

 thus he passed the latter period of his life, and he passed away in 

 a condition of almost complete isolation. His election as a 

 Foreign Member of the Linnean Society took place 4th May, 

 1876, and his death in Paris 29th March, 1899. 



In our Journal he described " Lichenes jSTovsb Zelandise quos ibi 

 legit anno 1861 Dr. Lauder Lindsay," in the ninth volume (1867), 

 17 pages ; and in 1883, in the 20th volume, appeai-ed ' On a 

 Collection of Exotic Lichens made in Eastern Asia by the late 

 Dr. A. C. Maingay," written in conjunction with the Eev. J. M. 

 Crombie. In 1880 he busied himself on the determination of the 

 plates of the Lichens in Dilleuius's ' Historia Muscorum,' which 

 were placed at the disposal of Mr. Crombie, and came out in the 

 Journal of this Society, Botany, xvii. (1880) pp. 553-581. 



In addition to the above-mentioned bibliography, an appreciative 

 article has been published by Dr. E. Arnold of Munich. 



Sir James Paget, Bart., D.C.L., LL.D., E.E.S., was born at 

 Great Yarmouth in 1814 ; and although he later left that place 

 to embark on the surgical career which rendered him famous, he 

 developed while there and still young a love of natural history, 

 which found expression in his publication, in conjunction with 

 his brother Charles, of a meritorious work entitled ' A Sketch of 

 the JS'atural History of Yarmouth and its Neighbourhood, con- 

 taining Catalogues of the Species of Mammals, Birds, Eeptiles, 

 Eishes, Insects, and Plants at present known.' He was assisted 

 in this by local naturalists, and in the fulfilment of the task 

 he showed himself capable both as an organizer and obsen'er. 

 Beyond this he has no claim to distinction in Natural History ; 

 and of his Surgical career it may be said that he was elected a 

 Member of the Eoyal College of Surgeons in 1836, a Eellow in 

 1843, a Member of its Council in 1865, and President ten jeavs 

 later. He was also Professor of Surgery and Anatomy to the 

 College from 1847 to 1852, and was in 1882 Bradshaw lecturer. 



His early medical training was received at St. Bartholomew's 

 Hospital, where his name has become a talisman. As surgeon 

 and lecturer on physiology there, he laboured hard for the 

 welfare of the Medical School ; and his interest in Medical and 

 Scientific Education led to his appointment to the Senate of the 

 l^niversit)' of London, of which in 1884 lie was made Yice- 

 Chancellor. 



