1- HANKS CELKBUATIOX. 



expeditions to difi'ereiit parts of tlie world for plants and seeds. 

 Tlie names of some of these collectors will be familiar to us: — 

 Francus Masson, wlio \ isited the Ca[)e of Good Hope twice, Madeira, 

 the Canaries, Azores, rSpain, Tangier, and the Balearic Islands, and 

 finally siu-ciimbed to the cold of a Canadian winter; ArL-hihalil 

 .Menzies, a vonng .Scotch surgeon who caiiu' w ith an introduction 

 to JJaiiks Irom JJr. Hope, the Edinburgh Professor of JJotany, and 

 was appointed under lianks'h directions naturalist to the expedition 

 to the Pacific under Ca|jt. Vancouver on the 'Discovery' — among 

 his discoveries are the Calilornian Jiedwood (6>(yH0/M stmpervlrens), 

 and the Chili Pine {Araucaria imhricatu); and Greorge Caley. 

 whom Jianks appointed in 1801 to collect in iS'ew^ouih Wales. 

 -Medical men and others residing o\ersea were also brought into 

 correspondence and encouraged to send plants home. Among corre- 

 spondents ill the E:ist were the brothers Russell at Aleppo, the 

 authors of a History of Aleppo, Konig, Naturalist in the Carnatic 

 to the East India Company, Dr. Hoxhiirgh, the pioneer exponent 

 of the Indian Elora, the Moravian Brothers Mission, and others. 



Banks was the moving spirit in arranging ami lilting out the 

 expedition of the ' Bounty ' in 17»7, under Captain Bligh (a friend 

 of Banks who had served under Capt. Cook), for transporting 

 Bivadfruit trees from Otaheile to the AVest Indies; and tiiost 

 explicit instructions were drawn up by Banks for David Nelson, 

 the gardener, as well as for the general conduit of the expedition. 

 The mutiny on the 'Bounty' after leaving Oraheite with the 

 supply of Breadfruit is matter of history. Jianks must have 

 been bitterly disap|)ointed at the tragic failure of i he attempt, but 

 he took tlie matter up again without delay, and in less than two 

 years a second expedition was fitted out and 3U0 trees were safely 

 landed both at Jamaica and 8t. Vincent. 



Banks's ample means were an important factor in his success 

 as a patron of Science. But though he used his means with 

 discretion he wa^ generous in hel|)ing othei's. For instance, 

 Banks himself had been at consiileral)le expense in preparing for 

 Capt. Cook's second expedition of 177l^, which lie was to join on 

 similar conditions to those in which he had previously accompanied 

 Cook: but the arrangeiiieiits fell throngli at the last moment. 

 Dr. ijind, physician, trav»;ller, and astronomer, who was to have 

 formed one of the party, had also been at some expense which 

 Banks offered to reimburse. " He told me,'' writes Lind to a 

 friend, " that he looked on his estate as belonging to his friends 

 as well as himself; that he held me as one of them, and begyed me 

 to command my share of it whenever I wanted it." 



Through Banks's liberality P'rancis Bauer, the eminent Austrian 

 floral painter who accompanied ]}aron Joseph Jaccpiin to England 

 ill 17^8, wjis attached as draughtsman to the Botanic Garden at 

 Kew. a post -which he occupied for 50 years. Banks not only 

 paid his salary during his own life but provided for its continuance 

 after his tl^ath (see ' Delineations of Exotic plants cultivated in the 

 lioyal Gardens at Kew,' 179(>.) 



