36 PEOCEEDINOS OF THE 



describing among other tliinga a dense nervous plexus situated 

 iu the integument. E. Koeliler, continuing his researches into 

 the morphology of the Echinodermata, devotes a paper to the 

 structure of the Polian vesicle and the pedicellaria?. All the 

 above papers appear in ' Comptes Eendus,' 18S2-83. Prof. H. 

 Ludwig has published an elaborate paper on the development of 

 Asterina gihhosa (Zeitschr. f . wiss. Zool. xxxvii. 1-98), which is 

 marked by the high ability that he is so well known to possess. 

 M. N. Christo-Apostolides has published a valuable memoir on the 

 Ophiuroids (Arch. d. Zool. exper. x. 121-22i) ; and Uanielssen 

 and Keren have given a full description of the many new species 

 and genera of Holothuriaus collected in the Norwegian Arctic Ex- 

 pedition ; while Mr. 81aden, at a recent meeting of this Society, 

 has given us a full description of many species and genera of star- 

 fish collected by the ' Challenger' Expedition, not yet published. 

 Annelida. — The past year has been particularly rich in re- 

 earches on Annelida. Prof. W. Salensky has published a paper 

 on the Development of Annelids (Centralbl. ii. 198-208) ; and 

 J. W. Speugel has published another on the D.'Velopinent of 

 the Central Nervous System of Annelids (ibid. ii. 231-236) . The 

 Trematodes have been made the subject of one paper by Prof. 

 Ercolani, who deals with their changes in adaptation to their envi- 

 ronment (Arch. Ital. Biol. i. 439-453) ; and also of another paper 

 by Villot, who investigates the anatomy of their vascular system 

 (Zool. Anzeig. v. 505-508). The Cestodes have been investigated 

 by Dr. Zoltan von lioboz (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. xxxvii. 2G3- 

 285), byM. Morriez (Compt. Eend. G61-G63), and by Kiessling 

 (Arch. f. Naturgesch. 241-280). E. van Beneden has published 

 an important paper on the Dicijemid(£ (Arch, de Biol. iii. 195- 

 228); and C Julin has published a no less important one (ni the 

 Orthonectida (ibid. 1-54). An enormous Eotifer (measuring y^ 

 of an inch) has been discovered by Mr. Flood in Eifeshire, and 

 has been fully described by Dr. Hudson in the current number 

 of the Jouru. Micro. Sue. An interesting paper is supplied by 

 Kennel on Ctenodrilus pardalis (Arbeit, zool.-zoot. Inst. AViirz- 

 burg; 373-429) ; he regards the type as a " collective " one, 

 showing affinities on the one hand with the Olkjoclueta and on 

 the other with the Polychoita. Another intermediate type of 

 Annelid is described by Prof. Ray Lankester in Hambujia arctica 

 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. [5] xi. 37-43), which presents a com- 

 bination of the characters of Bonellia & Thalassema. Mention 

 must also be made of J. von Kennel's paper on the anatomy of 

 Frorhynchus (Arbeit, zool.-zoot. Inst. Wiirzburg, vi. 69-90), of 

 Korschelt's description of a new species of Turbellarian (Zeitschr. 

 f. wiss. Zool. 1882, 315-353), and of the interesting research 

 by Prof. Thomas concerning the life-history of the liver-fluke 

 (Quart Journ. Micro. Sc. 1883, 99-133). Hanson gives an 

 account of the Annelids collected by the Norwegian North-Sea 



