144 PEOCEEDINQS OF THE 



\intil August 1885, wheu lie left Portsmouth and removed to 

 LivtTpool, having previously given his library of more than two 

 thousand volumes to the borough. His portrait was painted by 

 a Portsmouth artist, presented to the Corporation, January 

 12th last, and ordered to be hung in the Public Library. Mr. 

 Havv-kes died a little more than a fortnight after this, namely, 

 Jan. 29, 1886. 



Henrt MiLNE-EnwARns, the son of Lieut.-Col. AVilliam Edwards 

 by his marriage with Elizabeth Vaux, the descendant of an old 

 English family, was born at Bruges, October 23, 1800. He 

 received his early education in Belgium, and subsequently 

 studied Medicine in Paris, where he took his diploma in 1823. 

 Inspired with a love for natural history from his boyhood, he soon 

 abandoned the medical profession, and devoted himself to the 

 investigation of tlie lower forms of animal life. 



Estimating with rare sagacity from the first the importance of 

 the alliance that ought to exist between anatomy and physiology, 

 Milne-Edwards was not content with merely studying the struc- 

 ture of dead organisms, but realized the necessity of carrying out 

 most careful researches into the habits, distribution, and deve- 

 lopment of the living animals. It was this foresight, elaborated 

 in later years into a guiding principle, which is, perhaps, the key- 

 note of Milne-Edwards's eminence, and upon w hich his claim to 

 be ranked as one of the foremost naturalists of the early part of 

 the present century may probably be most justly based. 



Associated at Hrst with Victor Audouiu, he commenced in 1826 

 his zoological explorations on the coast of France, w^hich were 

 continued in subsequent years, and extended to Nice, Naples, 

 Algiers, and later to Sicily, the last-named expedition being 

 accompanied by MM. de Quatretages and Blancliard. 



As an outcome of these earliest researches, the foreshadowing 

 of a theory of the bathymetrical distribution of marine lite was 

 formulated, which may be regarded as the foundation of those 

 laws of marine lite which in later times have received so large a 

 share of attention, and have borne so rich a harvest of results. 



It is not surprising that the problems presented by the t>tudy 

 of what might at that day be regarded as a new field of natural- 

 history investigation should have appealed irresistibly for solu- 

 tion to a mind of such extensive scope and such far-penetrating 

 vision as Milne-Edwards's ; and history will record that his con- 

 tributions to the philosophy of living organisms are alike nume- 

 rous and important. His theories of the division of functional 

 labour, of centres of creation, and on the causes of the variety of 

 animal life, may be mentioned as amongst the most remarkable. 

 His publications, embracijig nearly all branches of zoology, form 

 a long list, upwards of 150 (about one third with colleagues) 

 being enumerated in the Catalogue of the Eoyal Society. Of 

 these, it is the highest praise to say that many rank as classical 

 works. 



