LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 9I 



cariiie, tlie Japanese botanist. G-eneva could not be passed over, 

 for there resided the elder De Candolle and his son Alphonse, 

 happily still with us and one of our Foreign Members. He saw 

 Sclilechtendal at Halle ; Klotzsch, Kunth, and Elirenberg at 

 Berlin. Of all this brilliant array, we have only two left, M. 

 Alph. De Candolle and Sir Joseph Hooker. 



On his return he prosecuted his labours with renewed energy ; 

 the first volume of ' Torrey and Grray ' was finished in 1840 

 and the second in 1843. About this time he revised his ' Elements ' 

 and issued it in a more comprehensive form as the ' Botanical Text- 

 book.' The fifth edition was more restricted in its scope, Physio- 

 logical and Cryptogamic Botany being left for others, Prof. 

 Groodall supplying the former in 1885, whilst the Cryptogams 

 are looked for from the pen of another colleague, Prof. Farlow. 



Michigan Univer.sity did not enjoy Gray's occupation of its 

 Botanic Chair, as he felt it impossible to carry on his work so far 

 from New York with its libraries aud herbaria. In 1842 he was 

 invited to become Fisher Professor of Natural History, his duties 

 being to lecture on botany and to direct a small garden, which 

 had been established in 1805 and formerly in charge of Thomas 

 Nuttall from 1822 to 1828. The funds were low, and there was 

 not even the nucleus of an herbarium, but Grray entered on bis 

 duties with zeal and discharged them with distinguished success 

 until his retirement in 1872. Li 1864|he offered his fine herbarium 

 and library to Harvard College, on condition that a fire-proof 

 building should be built to contain tliem, and his offer was 

 accepted. 



Within these thirty years Gray's activities had resulted, amongst 

 other publications, in those of Lindheimer's, Fendler's, Wright's, 

 and Thurber's plants, on the Boundarj' and Eailroad route sur- 

 veys, and a host of smaller papers in the American Journals and 

 Societies' publications. 



In 1878 a continuation of the large AmiCrican Flora was brought 

 out, in his ' Synoptical Flora,' resuming Gramopetalse after Com- 

 positse, and in 1884 a second part was issued, taking the same 

 range as the second volume of ' Torrey and Gray,' Caprifoliacese 

 to Composite inclusive. Thus we have a masterly summary of 

 American botany of Gamopetalae brought down to the last few 

 years ; the Polypetalse, by Torrey and G-ray, eked out by later 

 papers, are summarized in Sereuo Watson's ' Bibliographical 

 Index,' whilst the Monopetalse and Monocotyledons are still 

 awaiting an orderly enumeration. 



Nor were his energies confined to these works. His ' Manual,' 

 issued in 1848, reached a fifth edition in 18G7 ; it is a descriptive 

 account of all species growing east of the Mississi2)pi and north of 

 Tennessee and North Carolina. As a companion work ' Genera 

 Illustrata ' began in 1848, but stopped in 1849 on account of the 

 cost. ' Field, Forest, and Garden Botany,' in 1868, was meant 

 for school use, whilst ' How Plants Grow ' appeared in 1858. 



