12. HEDYMELES. 59 



Dusky Grosbeak, Lath. t. c. p. 127 ; Penn. t. c. p. 351. 

 Eed-breasted Finch, Lath. t. c. p. 272 ; Penn. t. c. p. 372. 

 Loxia rosea, Wils. Amer. Orn, ii. p. 135, pi. xvii. fig. 2 (1810). 

 Pyrrhula ludoviciana, Sabine in Franklin's Joum. i. App. p. 675 



(1823). 

 Ooccothraustes rubricollis, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 67, pi. 58 (1825). 

 Guiraca ludoviciana, Swains. Phil. Mag. n. s. i. p. 438 (1827) ; Jard. 



ed. Wils. Amer. Orn. i. p. 277, pi. 17. fig. 2 (1832); Bp. P. Z. S. 



1837, p. 116 ; id. Comp. List B. Eur. $ N. Amer. p. 30 (1838) ; 



Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 357 (1844) ; Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 259 (1847) ; 



Bp. Comp. i. p. 501 (1850) ; Baird, B. N. Amer. p. 497 (1858) ; 



Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 491. 

 Fringilla ludoviciana, Bp. Amer. Orn. ii. p. 79, pi. xv. fig. 2 (1828) ; 



Audub. B. A?ner. pi. 127 ; id. Orn. Bi<>,/r. ii. p. 166 (1834), v. 



p. 513 (1839). 

 Fringilla rhodocampter, Licht. Preis-Verz. mex. Vbg. p. 1 (1830): 



Cab.J.f. O. 1863, p. 56. 

 Coccoborus ludovicianus, Audub. Sun. p. 133 (1839) ; id. B. Amer. 



8vo, iii. p. 209, pi. 205 (1841) ; Giraud, B. Long 1st. p. 133 (1844) ; 



Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 59, pi. viii. fig. 1 (1850) ; Neuwied, J.f. O. 



1858, p. 267. 

 Hedvmeles ludovicianus, Cab. Mm. Hein. Th. i. p. 152 (1850) ; Scl. 



P.Z. S. 1856, p. 301, 1859, p. 58 ; id. $ Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 17 ; 



Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 365 ; Scl, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 293 ; Cab. J.f. O. 



1861, p. 7; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 297 (1861) ; Scl, Cat. 



Amer. B. p. 100 (1862) ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. pp. 102, 200 



(1868) ; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 300; Sumichr. Mem. Bost. Soc. 



N. H. i. p. 552 (1869) ; Scl. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 836 ; Salv. 



t. c. p. 189 ; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 328 ; Scl. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. 



Neotr. p. 27 (1873); Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. i. p. 275 



(1874) ; Baird, Brewer, §■ Ridqiv. Hist. N. Amer. B. ii. p. 70 



(1874) ; Lam: Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 19 (1876) ; Scl. # Salv. 



P. Z. S. 1879, p. 506 ; Salv. § Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 122 ; A. \ E. 



Newton, Handb. Jamaica, 1881, p. 104 ; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. 



p. 218 (1882) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 444 ; Salvin Sf Godman, 



Biol, Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 336 (1884). 

 Goniaphea ludoviciana, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 103, no. 7546 (1870) ; 



Allen, Bull. Harv. Coll. iii. p. 177 (1872) ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 



p. 149 (1872) ; id. B. N.-West, p. 166 (1874) ; Gun'dl. 0m. Cuba, 



p. 95 (1876). 

 Zamelodia ludoviciana, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. p. 98 (1880) ; 



Ridgw. Bull. V.- S. Nat. Mus. no. 21, p. 27 (1881) ; Coues, Check- 

 list Amer. B. p. 59 (1882) ; id. Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 389 



(1884). 

 Habia ludoviciana, Stejneger, Auk, i. p. 367 (1884) ; Cory, List B. 



W. Indies, p. 12 (1885) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 12 (1886) ; A. O. U. 



Check-list, p. 287 (1886) ; Cory, Auk, iii. p. 202. 



Adult male. General colour above black, the lower back and 

 rump pure white, slightly mottled with black tips to a few of the 

 lateral feathers ; lesser wing-coverts like the back ; median coverts 

 black, the inner ones white, forming a patch ; greater coverts black, 

 with a white spot at the tip of the outer web, increasing in extent 

 towards the innermost coverts ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts 

 black ; quills black, with large white bases to the primaries ; 

 secondaries with a white spot at the tip ; upper tail-coverts black, 



