1 7. SPRRMOPHILA. 117 



? Loxia americana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 863 (1788). 



Loxia pectoralis, Lath. Ltd. Orn. i. p. 390 (1790). 



Fling-ilia pectoralis, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 26 (1823). 



Fringilla atricapilla, Xeuwied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iii. p. 569 (1830). 



Spermophila collaria, Grai/, Gen. B. ii. p. 386 ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. 

 p. 106, no. 7595 (1870) ; Sol Lbis, 1871, p. 9 ; id. $ Salv. Nomencl 

 Av. Neotr. p. 28 (1873) ; Salv. Lbis, 1885, p. 214. 



Spermophila pectoralis, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 386 (1844). 



Sporophila americana, Cab. in Schomb. Reis. Guian. iii. p. 678 (1848) ; 

 id. Mm. Llein. Th. i. p. 150 (1850). 



Spermophila americana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 496 (1850). 



Sporophila pectoralis, Burin. Th. Bras. iii. p. 246 (1856). 



Spermophila cucullata, Pek. Orn. Bras. pp. 223, 437 (1871). 



Adult male. General colour above black, the scapulars and lower 

 back ashy grey, the latter washed with ochre ; across the rump a 

 band of deep ochre ; wing-coverts blackish, edged with ashy grey, 

 the inner lesser coverts bright ochre, and the inner median coverts 

 also tipped with bright ochre ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and 

 quills blackish, edged with ashy, the secondaries with hoary grey, 

 the inner primaries externally white at the base, forming a large 

 speculum ; upper tail-coverts blackish, broadly edged with dark ashy ; 

 tail-feathers blackish, edged with brown and narrowly tipped with 

 paler brown : crown of head, nape, and hind neck black like the 

 mantle ; lores with a creamy-buff spot ; feathers round eye and 

 ear-coverts black ; a patch below the fore part of the eye creamy 

 buff ; cheeks and throat creamy buff, washed with ochre ; sides of 

 neck rich ochre, extending backwards so as almost to form a collar ; 

 fore neck with a broad black band ; chest and under surface of body 

 pale tawny buff : thighs white, black posteriorly ; under tail-coverts 

 rather deeper tawny buff ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; 

 quills below dusky, white towards the base of the inner web ; bill 

 greyish horn-colour ; base of bill greyish black, the point yellowish. 

 Total length 5 inches, culmen 0'45, wing 2-35, tail 2-05, tarsus 0-6. 



Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 

 brown, slightly washed with olive on the head and back ; lesser 

 wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts dusky 

 brown, edged with lighter brown ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 

 and quills dusk}' brown, margined with olive-brown ; upper tail- 

 coverts and tail-feathers dark brown, with paler brown margins ; 

 lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and under surface of body 

 light tawny buff, paler on the abdomen ; under tail-coverts deep 

 tawny buff : under wing-coverts and axillaries whitish, washed with 

 yellowish buff. Total length 4-5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-2, 

 tail l - 85, tarsus - 6. 



Hab. Northern Brazil to Guiana. It is, however, impossible to 

 give the exact ranges of any of these allied species, as the synonymy 

 has been so confused, and the series examined has been extremely 

 small. 



