20. VOLATINIA. 153 



p. 597; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 301 ; Sumichr. Mem. Bust. Soc. 



N. II. i. p. 55 . (1869) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 190 ; Finsch, t. e. 



p. 582 ; Scl §■ Salv. t, c. p. 836 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 226, 438 



(1871); Wyatt, Ibis. 1871, p. 328; Scl. Sf Salv. Nomencl. Av. 



Neotr. p. 29 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 264 ; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 380 ; 



Later. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. II. ii. p. 276 ( 1874) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 



1874, p. 520; Lawr. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 20 (1876) ; 



Boueard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 57 ; Sah: $ Godrnan, Ibis, 1879, p. 200 ; 



Scl. # Solo. P. Z S. 1879, pp. 507, 605 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 199 ; 



Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 336; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 17 ; Salv. Cat. 



Strickl. Coll. p. 223 (1882); id.P.Z.S. 1883, p. 421 ; Boueard, 



t. c. p. 444 ; Nutt. $ BMgvo. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 383 



(1883); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 215; Tacz. Orn. Perm, iii. p. 25 



(1886). 

 Volatinia splendens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 474 (1850) ; Scl P. Z. S. 1859, 



p. 140, 1860, p. 275 ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 438 (1871) ; Salv. Ibis, 



1885, p. 215 ; id. 8f Godm. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 357 



(1885). 

 Volatinia jacarina splendens, Berl. $• Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 551, 



1884, p. 294, 1885, p. 84. 



Adult male (Bakia ; Wuclierer). Glossy blue-black above and 

 below ; the upper scapulars white at the base, forming a silky spot 

 which covers the bend of the wing and is contiguous to the white 

 under wing-coverts ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, quills, and 

 tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with glossy steel-black ; axil- 

 laries and under wing-coverts entirely silky white, with a patch of 

 glossy blue-black feathers, formed by the outer greater coverts near 

 the base of the primaries ; quills blackish below, white near the 

 base of the inner web, this white scarcely visible on the primaries, 

 but very distinct on the secondaries : " bill blackish, the lower 

 mandible clearer grey; feet whitish horny ; iris dark brown" 

 (JelsM). Total length 4-1 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-15, tail 1*7, 

 tarsus 0-65. 



The adult male in seasoned plumage differs from the summer 

 plumage in being entirely brown above ; the sides of the face and 

 under surface of body are black, obscured by whity-brown edges to 

 the feathers. The full plumage is gained, not by the shedding of 

 the pale edges to the feathers, as might have been expected, but by 

 a direct moult. 



Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 

 uniform earthy brown, a trifle more ashy on the rump ; wing-coverts 

 blackish brown, margined with whity brown, slightly tinged with 

 rufous ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish brown, 

 margined with reddish brown, the primaries with ashy ; upper tail- 

 coverts dusky brown, washed with reddish brown ; tail-feathers dark 

 brown, edged with lighter brown, paler on the outer feather, which 

 has a white spot at the tip ; crown of head a trifle more ashy than 

 the back ; lores and feathers round the eye ashy whitish ; ear- 

 coverts uniform brown ; cheeks paler brown ; throat dull white, 

 slightly mottled with dusky bases to the feathers ; fore neck, breast, 



