162 FKINGILLID.E. 



Coccotkraustes cardinalis, Vieill. N. Diet. (VHist. Nat. xiii. p. 526 

 (1817). 



Fringilla (Coccotkraustes) cardinalis, Bp. Obs. Wils. no. 79 (1825, 

 teste Cones). 



Fringilla cardinalis, Bp. Syn. p. 113 (1828) ; An dub. B. Amer. 

 pi. 159 ; id. Orn. Bioyr. ii. p. 336 (1834). 



Guarica cardinalis, Jard. ed. Wils. Amer. Orn. i. p. 188, pi. xi. figs. 1, 

 2 (1832). _ 



Cardinalis virginianus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. Ill ; id. Comp. List B. 

 Bur. Sr N. Amer. p. 35 (1838) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 358 (1844) ; 

 Bp. Consp. i. p. 501 (1850) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 302 ; Baird, B. 

 N. Amer. p. 509 (1858) ; Neuiuied, J. f. O. 1858, p. 268 ; Baird, 

 Mex. Bound. Surv., Birds, ii. p. 17 (1859); Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, 

 pp. 365, 378; id. Cat. Amer. B. p. 100 (1862, pt.) ; Dresser, Ibis, 

 1865, p. 491 ; Baird, Ibis, 1867, p. 289 ; Duyes, La Nat. i. p. 139 

 (1868) ; Sumichr. Mem. Bost. Soe. N. H. i. p. 552 (1869) ; Coojyer, 

 B. Calif, p. 239, cum fig. (1870) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 102, 

 ncr. 7531 (1870) ; Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambr. iii. p. 178 

 (1872) ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. p. 151 (1872) ; Scl. $ Salv. 

 Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 27 (1873, pt.) ; Baird, Brewer, ty Bidgiv. 

 Hist. N. Amer. B. ii. p. 100, pi. 30. figs. 6, 7 (1874) ; Coues, B. 

 N.-West, p. 172 (1874) ; Sennett, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. iv. p. 21, 

 v. p. 394 (1878) ; Merrill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 129 (1878) ; 

 Ridyiv. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 21, p. 26 (1881) ; Coues, Check- 

 list N. Amer. B. p. 60 (1882) ; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 218 

 (1882) ; id. Sf Godm. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 340 (1884, pt.) ; 

 Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 393 (1884). 



Cardinalis cardinalis, LicJit. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 44 (1854) ; A. 

 O. U. List Amer. B. p. 286 (1886) ; Brewster, Auk, iii. p. 110 

 (1886) ; Fox, t. c. p. 318. 



Cardinalis ruber, Stejneycr, Auk, i. p. 172 (1884). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above deep 

 scarlet vermilion, or deep rosy-red, witb more or less remains of asky 

 edges to tke featkers ; wing-coverts like tke back ; bastard-wing and 

 primary-coverts dusky, externally pale rosy, particularly ligkt to- 

 wards tke edge of tke wing ; quills dusky, externally rosy, paler 

 towards tke ends of tke primaries ; tail dark rosy or vermilion, tke 

 featkers edged internally witk rosy ; kead strongly crested, deep 

 vermilion, contrasting witk tke back ; a distinct frontal line, lores, 

 fore part of eyelid, featkers at gape and base of ckeeks, as well as 

 tke ckin and upper tkroat, black ; remainder of under surface from 

 tke centre of tke tkroat downwards rich vermilion, somewkat 

 wasked witk rosy on tke flanks ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

 paler vermilion, witk silky wkite bases ; quills pale brown below, 

 witk tke inner webs vermilion internally : " bill of a tint approack- 

 ing coral- red ; feet pale umber ; iris dark kazel" {Audubon). Total 

 lengtk 3-8 inckes, culmen 0*75, wing 3 - 75, tail 4*2, tarsus 0-9. 



Adult female. Different from tke male. General colour above 

 dull ockreous brown, slightly paler on tbe lower back and rump ; 

 wing-coverts and quills dull vermilion, witk asky ockreous margins 

 to tke greater coverts and inner secondaries ; tail-featkers dull ver- 

 milion, dusky at tke ends, edged witk asky ; crown of kead dull 

 ockreous brown, mottled witk vermilion bases, the long crest-featkers 



