FRINGILLIN.E. 



169 



towards the tip of the bill than the angle 

 of the gonys, which is more abrupt. 

 e'. Wings long, falling short of the tail 

 by less than the length of the tarsus. 

 [Ground-Sparrows.] 

 c". Nostrils hidden by bristles. 



c"'. Bill stout, and like that of a Gros- 

 beak. 

 « 4 . With a slight culminal ridge ; 

 the ascending angle of the gonys 

 more marked and more abrupt 

 than that of the culmen. 



«'. With red on the wings 33. 



b 5 . AVith no red on the wings. ... 34. 

 & 4 . No culminal ridge ; angles of the 



culmen and gonys about equal . 35. 

 d'". Bill smaller and more swollen 



(Pyrrhuline) ; no culminal ridge . 30. 



d". Nostrils exposed 37. 



f. Wings short, falling short of the tail by 

 more than the length of the tarsus. 

 e". Bill somewhat elongated, the maxilla 

 rather deeper than the mandible. 

 [Sparrows.] 



e'". Head uniform 38. 



/". Head streaked 39. 



/". Bill swollen, both mandibles strongly 

 curved ; the maxilla of about the 

 same depth as the mandible. 

 (/'". Bill stout, not half the length of 

 the head. 



c*. With chestnut back 40. 



d\ With yellow in the plumage. 

 c 5 . Tomium deflected towards the 



gape 41. 



d s . Tomium straight for its whole 



length 42. 



e*. Plumage black, with yellow 



shoulder 43. 



f i . With rosy or scarlet in the 



plumage 44. 



h"\ Bill elongated, more than half the 



length of the head 45. 



C. With both mandibles crossed ; wings very 



long, and reaching nearly to the end of tail. 40. 



D. With the bill very much swolleu and evenly 



rounded ; the breadth of the bill across the 

 nostrils equalled by the length of the ex- 

 posed portion of the culmen. [Bullfinches.] 



e. Wing- longer than tail. 



</'. With the nostrils completely hidden 

 by bristly plumelets ; the bill scarcely 

 bowed laterally towards the tip 47. 



/*'. With the nostrils as in Pi/rrhida, but the 

 bill more distinctly bowed inwards 

 laterally towards the tip 48. 



»'. With the nasal orifice very tiny, but 



exposed beyond the nasal plumelets . . 49. 



f. Tail longer than the wing 50. 



[p. 280. 

 Bhodopechys, 

 Bhynchostru- 



[thus, p. 281. 

 Rhodospiza, p. 282. 



[p. 284. 

 Erythrospiza, 

 Petronia, p. 288. 



Passer, p. 298. 

 Poliospiza, p. 342. 



Alario, p. 346. 



Serinus, p. 348. 



Sycalis, p. 376. 



Pyrrhoplectes, 



[p. 386. 

 Carpodacus, p. 387. 



Pyrrhospiza, 



[p. 431. 

 LoxrA, p. 435. 



Pyrrhula, p. 445. 



Pinicola, p. 459. 



[p. 462. 

 Propyrrhula, 

 TJragus, p. 464. 



