196 FRIIfGILLID^I. 



Le Chardonneret de Canada, Daubent. PI. Enl. iv. pi. 202. fig. 2. 

 Carduelis tristis, Bp. Obs. Wils. no. 96 (1825) ; Audub. Syn. p. 110 



(1839) ; id. B. Amer. 8vo, iii. p. 129, pi. 181 (1841). 

 Spinus tristis, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 974 ; Stejneger, Auk, i. p. 362 



(1884); Turner, Br. U. S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 240 (1885); A. O. 



U. Check-lid N. Amer. B. p. 261 (1886) ; Anthony, Auk, iii. p. 168 



(1886) ; Seton, t. c. p. 322. 

 Carduelis americana, Swains. §■ Bich. Faun. Bor.-Amer., Birds, 



p. 268 (1831); Jard. ed. Wils. Amer. Orn. p. 11, pi. 1. fig. 2 



(1832). 

 Chrysomitris tristis, Bp. Comp. List B. Bur. $• N. Amer. p. 33 



(1838); id. Consp. Av. i. p. 517 (1850); Baird, B. N. Amer. 



p. 421 (1858); Scl. Cat. Amir. B. p. 123 (1862); Blakist. Ibis, 



p. 176 (1872) ; Coues, B. N.- West, p. 116 (1874) ; Baird, Brewer, 

 §• Bidgiv. Hist. N. Amer. B. i. p. 471, pi. 22. figs. 7, 8 (1874) ; 

 Hensh. Bep. Zool. Expl. 100th Merid. p. 243 (1875) ; Bidgiv. Bep. 

 Surv. 40th Par. p. 461(1877); Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. iv. 

 p. 577 (1878); Merrill, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 126 (1878); 

 Bidding, t. c. p. 413 (1879); Cooper, op. cit. ii. p. 246 (1880); 

 Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 214 (1882); Bathbun, Bright Feathers, 

 pt. iii. (1882). 

 Astragalinus tristis, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 159 (1850); Bidgw. 

 Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 177 (1880); Coves, Chech-list, p. 50 

 (1882) ; id. Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 354 (1884) ; Dvtcher, 

 Auk, i. p. 329; Beckh. Auk, ii. p. 141 (1885) ; Agersb. t. c. p. 279. 



Adult male in summer plumage. General colour above bright 

 lemon-yellow, a trifle more dingy on the mantle and upper back ; 

 lesser and median wing-coverts yellow like the back, the latter with 

 blackish bases ; greater coverts black, tipped with white ; bastard- 

 wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, edged with white towards 

 the ends and round the tips; upper tail-coverts white; tail-feathers 

 black, the centre ones broadly edged with white, all the rest with a 

 large white spot at the end of the inner web ; forehead and sinciput, 

 as well as the lores and upper margin of eyelid, black ; remainder 

 of sides of face and entire under surface of body lemon-yellow ; 

 thighs and under tail-coverts white ; under wing-coverts white, the 

 edge of the wing black : asillaries white, edged with yellow ; quills 

 blackish below, ashy along the inner web : " bill and feet yellowish 

 brown; iris dark brown" (Audubon). Total length 4-6 inches, 

 culmen - 45, wing 3, tail 1'9.5, tarsus 0"55. 



Adult, male in winter plumage. Earthy brown washed with yellow, 

 the head like the back, the hind neck rather more greenish, brighter 

 yellow on the sides of the neck ; rump tinged with lemon-yellow, 

 upper tail-coverts ashy white ; wings much as in summer, but the 

 lesser coverts brown like the back, and the white tips to the greater 

 coverts and secondaries tinged with brown; tail as in summer, but 

 with the white markings more dingy and shaded with ashy brown ; 

 crown of head like the back, and only a little more yellow, without 

 any black patch ; sides of face and throat yellow ; remainder of 



