258 FRINGILLID-ffi, 



Type._ 

 Frino-illauda, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844) M. nemorieola. 

 Pyrgilauda, J. Verr. N. Arch. Mus. vi. Bull. p. 40 



(1870) M. davidiana. 



Hypolia, Ridgiv. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. i. p. 67, note 



(1875) M. arctoa. 



Onychospiza, Prjevalski, in Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. 



p. 290 (1877) ' M. mandellii. 



Plectrofringilla, Boyd. B. Cam. p. 67 (1879) M. alpicola. 



r V- 



Head of Montifringilla griscinucha. 



Range. Mountains of Southern Europe and of Central and North- 

 eastern Asia, including also the Himalayas and the mountains of 

 Thibet. Western North America from Alaska and the neighbouring 

 islands to Colorado and New Mexico. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Outer tail-feather entirely or for the most part 

 white. 

 a'. Lores ashy or brown, not forming a black line 

 through the eye. 

 a". Throat black ; bill black. 



a'". Head and neck ashy grey, contrasting 

 with the brown back ; lower and median 



coverts white nivalis sestiv., p. 260. 



I)'". Head and neck uniform brown alpicola sestiv., p. 261 : . 



b". Throat white, or with concealed blackish 

 bases (winter plumage, when the bill is 

 yellow). 



c'". Head ashy grey ; back brown nivalis hiem., p. 260. 



d'". Head brown like the back alpicola hiem., p. 261. 



a i . Lesser and median wing-coverts white. 



bK Lesser and median wing-coverts 



brown, the latter with whitish tips 



sometimes adamsi, p. 261 . 



b'. Lores black, forming a mask in front of the eye. 

 c". Throat white. 



e'". No rufous on the sides of the neck ; 

 outer tail-feather entirely white ; no 



black moustachial streak mandellii, p. 262. 



f". Sides of neck rufous; outer tail-feather 

 with a broad band of brown at the tip ; 



a black moustachial streak ruficoUis, p. 263. 



d". Throat black. 



g'". Black of throat not extending to the 

 fore neck, forehead white, with a black 

 streak in the centre blanfordi, p. 264. 



