32. MOXTIFRINGILLA. 263 



feathers dark brown, the centre ones edged and tipped with sandy 

 buff, all the others tipped with white, increasing in extent towards 

 the outer feather, which is for the most part white ; crown of head 

 light ashy brown, the hind neck ashy grey, forming an indistinct 

 collar ; lores black, surmounted by a distinct frontal band and eye- 

 brow of ashy white ; eyelid white : ear- coverts pale ashy ; cheeks 

 and throat white ; sides of neck pale ashy mixed with white ; fore 

 neck and remainder of under surface light pearly grey, whiter on 

 the lower breast and abdomen ; sides of body and flanks slightly 

 tinged with brown, the latter rather distinctly streaked with blackish 

 brown ; thighs ashy white : under tail-coverts white ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries white ; quills below dusky, white along the 

 inner edge : " culmen lead-colour, tipped with black ; tarsus, toes, 

 and claws black ; iris light brown " (Prjevahli). Total length 6*8 

 inches, culmen 065, wing 4T, tail 2-45, tarsus 095. 

 Hah. Thibet and Kansu. 



a, b. Ad. sk. Thibet, Sept. 1874 (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll. (Types of 



species.) 

 c.Ad.sk. Thibet, Sept. 1878 (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll. 



d. Ad. sk. Thibet, Oct. 1878 (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll. 



e. 2 ad. sk. Kansu, October. General Prjevalski [C.]. 



5. Montifringilla ruficollis. 



Montifringilla ruficollis, Blanf. Pi: A. 8. Bemj. 1871, p. 227 ; Gould, 

 B. Asia, v. pi. 5(1875) ; Hume, Str. F. 1876, p. 486, 1879, p. 108. 



Pvrgilauda ruficollis, Prjev. in Rowley's Orn. Mine. ii. p. 292, pi. liv. 

 *fig. 2 (1877) ; David $ Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 548 (1877). 



Adult male (type of species). General colour' above light sandy 

 brown, streaked with blackish on the mantle and back ; the lower . 

 back and rump uniform sandy rufous ; scapulars like the back, but 

 rather greyer externally ; lesser wing-coverts ashy whitish ; median 

 coverts white with black bases ; greater coverts brown, edged with 

 hoary white ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts blackish brown ; 

 quills dark brown, edged with pale ashy brown, broader on the 

 inner secondaries, most of the quills white towards the base of the 

 inner web, the first primary and some of the inner ones edged with 

 white : upper tail-coverts and centre tail-feathers dark brown, ex- 

 ternally paler brown, the remainder grey on the inner web, white 

 on the outer, and subterminally also on the inner web, with a brown 

 spot at the end of the feather, the grey increasing towards the centre 

 of tliL- tail : crown of head light brown, uniform, and a little more 

 ashy on the occiput, nape, and hind neck ; forehead ashy whitish, 

 extending backwards into an eyebrow ; lores black, as also a streak 

 below the eve along the upper part of the ear-coverts; ear-c averts, 

 sides of hinder crown, and sides of neck tawny rufous ; cheeks and 

 feathers below the eye pure white ; throat white, separated from the 

 cheeks by a malar line of dusky blackish ; fore neck and rest of 

 under surface of body white, washed on the breast with creamy 

 butf ; sides of body and flanks dark tawny buff; thighs and under 

 tail-coverts white, the long feathers washed with buff at the ends ; 



