290 FRINGILIJD2E. 



Pyrgita rupestris, Brehm, Yog. Deutschl. p. 204 (1831). 

 Petronia rupestris, Bp. Coinp. List B. Ear. ty N. Amer. p. 30 (1838) ; 

 Brehm, Vogelf. p. 97 (1855) ; Loche, Evpl Sci. Alger., Ois. i. 

 p. 148 (1807). 

 Gymnorhis petronius, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 779 (1847). 

 Petronia stulta, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi! p. 830 (1847) ; id. Cat. B. 

 Mm. As. Soc.y>- 120(1849); Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 513 (1850); Cab. 

 Mm. Hein. Th. i. p. 157 ( 1856) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. B.I. Co. 

 Mm. ii. p. 497 ( 1856) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1850, p. 33 ; Powys, Ibis, 1860, 

 p. 137 ; A. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 187 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1864, p. 135 ; 

 Fili/ipi, Viagg. Persia, p. 346 1(1865) ; Giglioli, Ibis, 1865, p. 57; 

 Lilford, Ibis, 1866, p. 377 ; Chambers, Ibis, 1867, p. 102 ; Tristr. 

 Ibis, 1868, p. 204 ; Saunders, Ibis, 1869, p. 173 ; Elwes Sf Buckley, 

 Ibis, 1870, p. 192 ; Salvad. Faun. ltd., Ucc. p. 148 (1871); Hume, 

 Sir. F. 1875, p. 218; Irby, B. Gibr. p. 120 (1875); Blanf. East. 

 Pers. ii. p. 255 (1876) ; Dresser, B. Eur. iii. p. 607, pi. 180. fig. 2 

 (1877); Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 22: Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 79; 

 Scully, t. c. p. 574; C. Sw'inh. Ibis, 1882, p. 113; Salvin, Cat. 

 Strickl. Coll. p. 211 (1882); Trist. Faun. $ Flor. Palest, p. 68 

 (1884); Giglioli, Iconogr. Aoif. Ital. part 28(1885); Whitehead, 

 Ibis, 1885, p. 40 ; Giglioli, Av'if. Ital. p. 22 (1886) ; Salvad. Elench. 

 Ucc. Ital. p. 170 (1887). 

 Petronia saxorum, etc., Brehm, Vogelf. p. 97 (1885). 

 Petronia sylvestris, Jaub. et Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Om. p. 112(1859); 



Fritsch, Yog. Eur. tab. 24. rig. 16 (c. 1870). 

 ? Petronia brevirostris, Tacz. J. f. O. 1874, p. 323 ; id. Bull. Soc. Zool. 

 France, i. p. 179 (1876) ; Homeyer, J.f. O. 1879, p. 175. 



Adult male. General colour above brown, tbe bind neck uniform, 

 and somewhat ashy, the mantle and back broadly streaked with 

 black and having a whity-brown spot at the tip of the outer web, 

 producing a strongly spotted appearance : the lower back and rump 

 brown, with lighter brown edges to the feathers, producing a mottled 

 appearance ; upper tail-coverts brown, spotted with whity brown at 

 the ends ; lesser wing-coverts uniform brown ; median and greater 

 coverts blackish brown, margined with lighter brown, with whitish 

 spots at the ends, forming two ill-defined wing-bars ; bastard-wing, 

 primary-coverts, and quills blackish brown, margined with paler 

 brown, inclining to yellowish white near the base and also towards 

 the ends of the primaries and towards the end of the secondaries, the 

 innermost of which have whitish tips ; the first primary edged with 

 whitish ; tail-feathers brown, blackish subterminally, the outer one 

 edged with white near the base, and all of them having a large white 

 spot at the end of the inner web, reduced in size towards the centre 

 feathers, where it is nearly obsolete ; crown of head light brown in 

 the centre, slightly mottled with whitish tips to the feathers ; the 

 sides of the crown dark brown, followed by a broad eyebrow of whity 

 brown, less distinct and more ashy above the lores, which are also 

 ashy brown ; eyelid and feathers below the eye whity brown : ear- 

 coverts brown, with a dark brown streak along the upper margin ; 

 cheeks, throat, and under surface of body pale ashy brown, streaked 

 with pale brown centres to tbe feathers, darker on the sides of the 

 breast; sides of body dark brown, streaked with white centres ; on the 

 lower throat a patch of pale yellow; under tail-coverts dull white, 



