37. PETRONIA. 293 



3. Petronia flavicollis. 



Fringilla flavicollis, Frankl. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 120 ; Gray, Cat. 

 Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 107 (1846) ; id. Gen. B. ii. 

 p. 372 (1849) ; id. Hand-l. B. ii. p. 85, no. 7248 (1870). 



Ploceus flavicollis, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 94. 



Gyrnnorhis flavirostris, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, 

 pi. 287 (no. 864) ; id. in Gray's Zool, Misc. p. 84 (1844). 



Pyrgita flavicollis, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 28 (1840) ; Burgess, 

 P.Z.S. 1854, p. 160. 



Gyrnnorhis flavicollis, Bhjth, J. A. S. Benq. xiii. p. 948 (1844) ; Bp. 

 Consp. i. p. 512 (1850) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. B.I. Co. Mus. 

 ii. p. 497 (1856) ; Adam, Str. F. 1873, p. 388 ; James, t. c. p. 420 ; 

 Hume, Nests % Eqgs Ltd. B. p. 401 (1873) ; Ball, Str. F. 1874, 

 p. 421 ; Blanf. Fast. Persia, ii. p. 256 (1876) ; id. Str. F. 1877, 

 p. 249 ; Hume, t. c. p. 329 ; Davidson §■ Wenden, Str. F. 1878, 

 vol. ii. p. 85; Butler, t. c. p. 184; Ball, t. c. p. 223; Hume, Str. 

 F. 1879, p. 107 ; Doiq, t, c. p. 371 ; Butler, Cat. B. Sind, p. 47 

 (1879); id. Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. -p. 62 (1880); Vidal, Str. F. 

 1880, p. 72; Butler, t. c. p. 416 ; Reid, Str. F. 1881, p. 56 ; Davison, 

 Str. F. 1883, p. 403; C. Swinh. $ Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 129; 

 Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, p. 497. 



Petronia flavicollis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 120 (1849) ; 

 Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 231. 



Gyiunorhis xanthosterna, Bp. Consp. i. p. 512 (1850). 



Pyrgita xanthopterin!, Ltcht. Nomencl. Av. Berol. p. 47 (1854). 



Passer flavicollis, Jerd. B. Ltd. ii. p. 368 (1863) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, 

 p. 42 ; Beavan, Ibis, 1868, p. 174 ; Hai/es Lhiqd, Ibis, 1873, p. 414 

 Cock Sr Marsh. Str. F. 1873, p. 357 ; Butler, Str. F. 1875, p. 497 

 Brooks, t. c. p. 254 ; Butler, Str. F. 1876, p. 35 ; Fairb. t. c. p. 261 

 Legqe, B. Ceylon, p. 605 (1879) ; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll, p. 210 

 (1882) ; Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 419; Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, p. 486. 



Xanthodina flavicollis, Heugl, Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. pt. 2, p. 627, note 

 (1870). 



Adult male, General colour uniform ashy brown ; scapulars like 

 the back ; lesser wing-coverts bright chestnut ; median coverts 

 dusky brown, broadly tipped with white, forming a wing-bar ; 

 greater series dusky brown, edged with ashy brown, whitish 

 at the ends, forming a narrower wing-bar ; bastard-wing and 

 primary-coverts deep sepia-brown, obsoletely fringed with paler 

 brown ; quills and tail-feathers dark sepia-brown, edged with whity 

 brown, the outer tail-feathers fringed with whitish round the tips of 

 the inner web ; head uniform with the back, a little lighter ashy 

 brown over the eye, forming an indistinct eyebrow ; lores and eyelid 

 dusky ; cheeks and ear-coverts ashy brown, the latter slightly 

 darker brown on their upper parts ; chin and upper throat dull 

 whitish, the lower throat occupied with a conspicuous yellow spot ; 

 fore neck, breast, and sides of body light ashy brown ; thighs ashy 

 brown ; centre of abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; axillaries 

 whity brown ; under wing-coverts dull white ; quills dusky below, 

 ashy along the inner web : " bill black ; legs cinereous brown ; iris 

 brown " (Jerdon). Total length 5 inches, culmen 0*5, wing 3 - 2, 

 tail 2-1, tarsus - 6. 



The adult male in winter plumage is a trifle browner than in 



