326 FRINGILLTT)^. 



Hume, Wests # Eggs Ind. B. p. 459 (1873) ; Cock fy Marsh. Str. F 

 1873, p. 357 ; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, p. 254 ; Anderson, Zool. Exped- 

 Yunman, p. G02 (1878) ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 107 ; Salvin, Cat- 

 Strickl. Coll. p. 210 (1882) ; C. H. T. Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 419. 



Adult male. General colour above uniform cinnamon -rufous; the 

 mantle slightly varied -with a few black streaks on the end of the 

 feathers, which are edged with fulvous ; lesser wing-coverts cinnamon 

 like the back ; median wing-covcrts white with black bases, forming 

 a broad wing-bar ; greater coverts blackish, edged with brown, 

 inclining to whitish at the ends ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts 

 blackish, the latter fringed with brown : quills blackish brown, edged 

 with ashy brown, the innermost secondaries with pale cinnamon ; 

 the primaries with a pale whitish speculum formed by the outer 

 web at the base of these quills, which have also a minute edging of 

 whitish at about a third of the distance from the tip ; upper tail- 

 coverts ashy brown : tail-feathers brown, edged with ashy brown ; 

 head uniform cinnamon : lores and feathers below the eye blackish, 

 slightly dotted with white ; cheeks and ear-coverts pale yellow, 

 whiter towards the sides of the neck, the upper edge of the ear- 

 coverts cinnamon like the head : throat black ; remainder of under 

 surface of body pale clear yellow, the sides of the body and flanks 

 pale ashy brown : thighs ashy brown ; axillaries and under wing- 

 coverts pale sulphur-yellow : quills dusky below, pale ashy along 

 the inner web. Total length 42 inches, culmen 0"45, wing 2-95, 

 tail l - 8, tarsus 0"65. 



The adult male in winter plumage differs from the summer plumage 

 in having the chestnut of the upper surface obscured by sandy-buff 

 edges, especially broad on the mantle and back, where the black 

 streaks are much broader than in summer : there is also somewhat 

 more yellow on the undorparts. 



The specimens from the North-west Himalayas are very much 

 paler than those from Nepal, while those from Assam and Bootan 

 are still darker than the latter. Both males and females partake of 

 this peculiarity. 



Adult female. Different from the male, and much browner ; upper 

 surface of body brown, the feathers of the mantle and back edged 

 with sandy buff and broadly streaked with black ; the lower back 

 and rump dull rufous ; upper tail-coverts ashy brown, with dusky 

 centres ; wings and tail as in the male, excepting that the lesser 

 wing-coverts are rufous-brown instead of cinnamon ; crown of head 

 and neck dark brown, with a dusky bine along the sides of the 

 crown : lores ashy, surmounted by a streak of whitish, which is 

 continued into a yellowish-white eyebrow ; sides of face and ear- 

 coverts yellowish white, with a blackish streak along the upper edge 

 of the latter ; the hinder cheeks and sides of neck clearer yellow ; 

 throat dusky blackish ; remainder of under surface pale yellow, ashy 

 brownish on the breast and sides of the body ; thighs ashy brown ; 

 axillaries and under wing-coverts pale yellow, the latter with dusky 

 bases : quills dusky below, ashy along the edge of the inner web. 

 Total length 5-2 inches, culmen 0-5, wing 2 - 65, tail 1*9, tarsus 0-7. 



