46. loxia. 443 



preseut species in its finest plumage, when the white bands on the 

 wings are tinted with red. The adult male described is one in worn 

 breeding-plumage, and there are even still remains of red on the 

 white bands. A specimen of L. rubrifasciata from Sweden is rather 

 large, and measures : — Total length 6-3 inches, culmen 07, wing 

 3-8, tail 2-25, tarsus 0-05. 



Hub. Northern Europe to Eastern Siberia. Accidental in the 

 British Islands and other parts of Europe. 



Gardsjo, Sweden, Nov. 16, 1862 Gould Coll. 



(H. Wheelwright). 

 Sweden, Sept. 28, 1856 ( W. Gould Coll. 



Meves). 

 Stockholm, Oct. 25, 1857 ( W. Gould Coll. 



Meves). 

 Archangel, June 1875. Hume Coll. 



Archangel, April 13, 1875. Hume Coll. 



Subsp. a. Loxia leucoptera. 



White-winged Crossbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. i. p. 108 (1783). 

 Loxia, leucoptera, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 845 (1788); Werner, Atlas, 



Granivores, pi. 45 (1827); Audub. B. Anier. pi. 201 ; Bp. Amer. 



Orn. ii. p. 84, pi. 15. fig. 3 (1828) ; Swains. $ Etch. Faun. Bor.- 



Amer., Birds, -p. 263 (1831); Jard. ed. Wils. Amer, Orn. ii. p. 42, 



pi. 31. fig. 3, iii. p. 440, pi. 15. fig. 3 (c. 1834) ; Temm. Man. d 'Orn. 



hi. p. 243 (1835) ; Gould, B Bur. iii. pi. 203 (1837); Audub. Om. 



Bioyr. iv. p. 407 (1838) ; id. B. Amer. iii. p. 190, pi. 201 (1841); 



Keys. 8,- Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 164 (1840) ; Selys-Lonqch. Faun. 



Beige,?. 77 (1842) ; Giraud, B. Long Lsl. p. 131 (1844*) ; Macs/ill. 



Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 28 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 388 (1845) ; 



Bp. Consp. i. p. 527 (1850) ; id. § Schl. Monogr. Lo.viens, p. 8, 



pi. 9 (1850); Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 527 (1850); Licht. 



Nomencl. At: Berol. p. 48 (1854); Reinh. Ibis, 1801, p. 8; Scl. 



Cat. Amer. B. p. 122 (1862) ; Gray, List Brit. i?. p. Ill (1863); 



Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 327 ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 288 



(1866); Gray, Hand-I. B. ii. p. 108, no. 7636 (1870) ; R. Gray, 



B. West Scotl. p. 155 (1871); Harting, Handb. Brit. B. p. 116 



(1872); Finsch, Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, iii. p. 55 (1873); 



Baird, Breicer, $ Ridqw. Hist. N. Amer. B. i. p. 488 (1874) ; 



Cvurs, B. N.-West, p. 110(1874); Dresser, B. Eur. iv. p. 137, 



pi 204 (1877) ; Newton, ed. Yarr. Brit. B. ii. p. 218 (1877) ; 



Ridgw. Rep. Orn. 40th Parallel, p. 456 (1877) ; id. Proc. U.S. Nat. 



Mm. iii. p. 176 (1880) ; Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 203 (1882) ; 



Nelson, Cruise R.S. 'Concin,' p. 06(1883) ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. 



p. 58 (1883) ; Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 37 (1884) ; Scott, Aid; 



i. p. 159 (1884) ; Coiies, Key N.Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 348 (1884) ; 



Brew, Auk, ii. p. 16 (1885) ; Gigl. Avif. Hal. p. 44 (1886) ; Anthony, 



Auk, iii. p. 168 (1886) ; Seton, t. c. p. 322 ; A. O. U. Check-list, 



p. 258 (1886). 

 Loxia falcirostra, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 371 (1790); Yarr. Brit. B. ii. 



p. 38 (1843). 

 Curvirostra leucoptera, Wilson, Amer. Orn. iv. p. 48, pi. 31. fig. 3 



(1811); Brehm,Isis, 1837, p. 720; Baird, B.N. Amer. p. 427(1885); 



Hall # Bonn. Trans. Chicago Acad. i. p. 281 (I860); Cooper, 



B. Calif, p. 149 (1870); Corns, Key N. Amer. B. p. 129 ( 1872). 

 Loxia (Crjicirostra) leucoptera, Naum. Yog. Deutschl., Anhang, 



pi. 385. fig. 4 (1860). 



