47. rYRRnrr.A. 445 



47. PYRRHULA. 



Type. 

 Pyrrhula Briss. Orn. iii. p. 308 (1700) Y. europaea. 



Head of Pyrrhula pyrrhula. 



Range. Europe generally. Northern Asia to Japan and North 

 China. Specially developed in the Himalayas, and thence extending 

 into Western China. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Crown of head black. 



a . With the ear-coverts scarlet or vermilion. 



a". Cheeks of the same red tint as the , , , . .„ 



breast . \ pyrrhula tf , p. 446. 



ikamtschatica $ , p. 447. 

 ( europcsa rf , p. 448. 



b\ Cheeks scarlet; breast grey \ffnsejventris rf, P- 449. 



n J [Kuruensis 3, P- 450. 



c". Cheeks scarlet; breast lighter scarlet 



or pale rosy rosacea $ , P- 451. 



b'. With the ear-coverts brown or grey like 

 the breast. 

 d". Rump white. 

 a'". Back ashy grey like the breast .... cassini $ $ ad., p. 452. 

 b'". Back brown ; hind neck ashy grey, 



forming a more or less distinct ( yriseiventris <j> , p. 450. 



collar 1 rosacea $> , p. 451. 



1 pyrrhula J , p. 446. 



( europaa $> , p. 448. 



e". Rump fawn-brown, not white murina d" $ , p. 453. 



b. Forehead only black. 

 c'. Head red or yellow. 



/". Back orange like the head aurantiaca rf , p. 456. 



g". Back grey or drab-brown or ochreous 

 brown. 



c"'. Head vermilion erythrocephala $ , p. 457. 



d'". Head olive-yellow, with a drab- 

 brown band across the sinciput .... erythrocephala £ , p. 4-57. 

 d'. Head grey or drab-brown. 



e'". Under surface drab-brown like the 

 upper ; a crimson mark on the inner- 

 most secondaries nijmlensis J 5 , p. 453. 



f". Under surface vermilion ; a white 

 mark across the sinciput ; no mark 



on secondaries erithacus $ , p. 455. 



g"'. Under surface ochreous brown ; no 

 white band on sinciput ; no mark 

 on secondaries aurantiaca $ , p. 456. 



