446 FRTNGILLTDxE. 



1. Pyrrhula pyrrhula. 



Loxia pyrrhula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 300 (1766). 

 Pyrrhula ruhicilla, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 7 (1811, pt.) ; 

 Linderm. Vog. Oriechenl. p. 58 (1860); Akt. $• Harvie Brown, 

 Ibis, 1873, p. 63 ; Radde, Orn. Caue. p. 180 (1884). 

 FringHla pyrrhula, Meyer, Vog. Liv- u. Esthl. p. 81 (1815) ; Nordm. 



in Dimid. Voy. Puss. Mend, iii. p. 182 (1840). 

 Pyrrhula vulgaris, Menetr. Cat. rata. Caue. p. 43 (1832); Kjcerb. 

 Damn. Fugle, Taf. 28a. fig. 3, Suppl. pi. 28«. fig. 2 (1852) ; Schl. 

 Vog. Nederl. pi. 173 (1854) ; Sundev. Svensk. Fogl. pi. 11. figs. 4, 

 5 (1856) ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 253, pi. 22. tigs. 1, 2 (1870) ; 

 Severtz. Turkest.Jevot.7i. p. 64 (1873); Homeyer $ Tancre, MT. 

 orn. Ver. Wien, p. 89 (1883). 

 Pyrrhula major, Brehm, Vog. Deutachl. p. 252 (1831) ; Dresser, B. 

 Eur. iv. p. 97, pi. 198 (1876) ; Danf. this, 1878, p. 25 ; Seebohm, 

 t. c. p. 334 ; Gould, B. Asia, iv. pi. S8 (1880) ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, 

 pp. 219, 378; Salvad. Elench. Ucc. Ital. p. 179 (1887). 

 Pyrrhula coccinea, Selys-Longch. Faun. Beige, p. 79 ( 1842) ; Bp. 

 Consp. i. p. 525 (1850) ; Bli/th, Ibis, 1863, p. 442 ; Degl. $ Gerbe, 

 Orn. Eur. i. p. 251 (1867)'; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 99, no. 7481 

 (1870) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1871, p. 232 ; Taez. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 

 i. p. 182 (1876). 

 Pvrrhula pyrrhula, Lieht. Nomencl. Av. Berol. p. 48 (1854) ; Stejn. 



"Proc U.S. Nat. Mus. 1837, p. 105. 

 Pyrrhula germanica, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 276 ; id. Vogelf. p. 98 



(1855). 

 Pyrrhula peregrina, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 276 ; id. Vogelf. p. 90 



(1855). 

 Pyrrhula europsea, Dresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 244; Stejn. Nyt Mag. 

 Naturv. Chist. 1882. 

 Adult male. General colour above bluish grey, the rump white ; 

 lesser and median coverts bluish grey, the latter rather paler towards 

 the ends ; greater coverts glossy black for the basal half, pale ashy 

 grey for the terminal half ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts black, 

 washed with ashy ; quills black, externally glossy black, the primaries 

 fringed with ashy ; inner secondaries entirely glossy black, the small 

 innermost ones ashy grey at the base, pale vermilion towards the 

 end of the feather, forming a spot ; upper tail-coverts and centre 

 tail-feathers glossy purplish black, the remainder of the tail-feathers 

 black, externally glossy black; crown of head, feathers round eye, 

 fore part of cheeks, and chin black ; sides of face, ear-coverts, re- 

 mainder of the cheeks, throat, and under surface of body pale ver- 

 milion ; lower abdomen and lower flanks white ; thighs ashy ; under 

 tail-coverts white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white ; quills 

 below dusky, ashy along the inner edge. Total length 6 inches, 

 culmen 0-5, wing 3*55, tail 2-(3, tarsus 0-7. 



Adult female. Exactly like the female of P. europcea, but larger. 

 Total length 6-4 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3-7, tail 2-6, tarsus 0*75. 

 Hub. Northern Europe and Siberia. 



a, b. <3 5 ad. sk. Christiania (Pasch). Gould Coll. 



c. c? ad. sk. Christiania, Jan. 1878 (P. Christiania Mus. 



Collett). 



d, e. c? 2 ad. ; Christiania, Oct. 1883 (P. Christiania Mus. 

 f. <$ juv. sk. Collett). 



