47. pykrhula. 447 



y. 2 ad. sk. Skgne, Sweden, March 20, W. Meves [C.]. 



1869. 



S. Sweden, Feb. 11, 1869. VV. Meves [C.]. 



Denmark, winter (A.Benzon). J. Gould, Esq. 



St. Petersburg. It. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



Anascha, Taurus, Asia Mi- Salvin-Godmau Coll. 

 nor, March 7, 1876 ( C. G. 

 Danford). 



Erzeroum {Dickson ty Ross). Gould Coll. 



Krasnoyarsk, Dec. 3, 1877 Gould Coll. 

 {H. Seebohm). 



q, r. Skulls. S. Germany. Dr. Giinther [C.]. 



Subsp. a. Pyrrhula kamtschatica. 



Pyrrhula rubicilla, Pall. Zooyr. Rosso- Asiat. ii. p. 8 (1811, pt.). 

 Pvrrhula kamtschatica, Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vii. p. 395 



"(1882) ; Dybowski, op. cit. viii. p. 367 (1883). 

 Pyrrhula pyrrhula kamtschatica, Stcjneqer, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 



no. 29, p. 322 (1885) ; id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, p. 106. 

 Pyrrhula vulgaris kamtschatica, Seebohm, Ibis, 1887, p. 101. 



An extreme eastern form of P. pyrrhula, and about the same 

 size, only differing in the somewhat paler grey of the upper surface, 

 and the extended white mark on the inner web of the outer tail- 

 feather. Total length 6-6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3-2, tail2 - 5, 

 tarsus 0*75. {Mus. H. Seebohm.) 



Hab. Kamtschatka. 



The presence or absence of a white mark on the outer tail- 

 feather is a character of less importance than would appear at first 

 sight, for it is often present in European examples of P. pyrrhula, is 

 more frequently found in Siberian specimens, and is more perma- 

 nent in those from Kamtschatka. 



2. Pyrrhula europaea. 



The Bulfinch, Albin, Nat. Hist. B. i. p. 57, pis. 69, 70 (1738) ; Lath. 

 Gen. St/n. ii. pt. i. p. 143 (1783). 



The Black Bulfinch, Albin, t. c. iii. p. 65, pi. 69 (1740). 



Le Bouvreuil, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 308 (1760) ; Buff. Hist. Nat. Oh. iv. 

 p. 372, pi. 17 (1778) ; Daub. PI. Enl. v. pi. 145 ( $ , fig. pess.). 



Le Bouvreuil noir, Briss. Om. iii. p. 313 (1760). 



Loxia pyrrhula {nee Linn.), Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 387 (1790); Yarr. 

 Brit. B. ii. p. 1 (1843). 



Fringilla pyrrhula, Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. 200 (1815). 



Pyrrhula europaea, Vieill. N. Diet, a" Hist. Nat. iv. p. 286 (1816) ; 

 Wright, Ibis, 1864, p. 50 ; Smith, Ibis, 1868, p. 446 ; Elwes $ 

 Buckley, Ibis, 1870, p. 192 ; Dresser, B. Eur.w. p. 101, pi. 199 

 (1876); Neicton, ed. Yarr. Brit. B. ii. p. 166 (1877); Giyl. 

 Iconoyr. Avif. Ital. pt. 5 (1880) ; id. Ibis, 1881, p. 204 ; B. O. U. 

 List Brit. B. p. 56 (1883) ; Irby, Ibis, 1883, p. 185; Saunders, 

 Ibis, 1884, p. 376; Salvad. Blench. Ucc. Ital. p. 178 (1887). 



Pyrrhula rufa, Koch, Syst. baier. Zool. p. 227 (1816). 



Pyrrhula vulgaris, Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 338 (1820) ; Naum. Voy. 

 Deutschl. iv. pi. Ill (1824); Werner, Atlas, Granivores, pi. 34 

 (1827); Gould, B. Eur. iii. pi. 209 (1837); Bp. Comp. List B. 



