47. PYRRHULA. 455 



8. Pyrrhula erithacus. 



Pyrrhula erithacus, Blyth, Ibis, 1862, p. 389 ; id. J. A. S. Ben//. 

 xxxii. p. 459 (1863) ; id. Ibis, 1863, p. 441, pi. 10; Jerd. B. Ind. 

 ii. p. 389 (1863) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1868, p. 43 ; Beavan, Ibis, 1868, 

 p. 177 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 99, no. 7483 (1870) ; Tristr. Ibis, 

 1871, p. 232; David, N. Arch. Mus. vii. Bull. p. 10 (1871) ; Hume, 

 Str, F. 1874, p. 455 ; Prjev. in Bmcley's Om. Misc. ii. p. 297 

 (1876) ; David $ Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 349 (1877) ; Hume, Str. F. 

 1879, p. 108 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 39 (1880). 



Pyrrhula erythrocephala (nee Viy.), Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 387. 



Adult male. General colour above dark slaty grey, •with a bar of 

 purplish black across the lower back ; rump white ; lesser wing- 

 coverts slaty grey like the back ; median coverts also grey, with 

 black bases ; greater coverts purplish black, broadly tipped with 

 pale ashy grey ; quills black, the secondaries externally purplish 

 black, the innermost entirely of the latter colour ; upper tail-coverts 

 and centre tail-feathers purplish black, the remainder edged exter- 

 nally and tipped -with purplish black ; head like the back ; forehead 

 black, separated from the crown by a narrow band of ashy -whitish 

 which extends over the eye; eyelid, lores, and fore part of cheeks, 

 as well as a chin-spot, black ; ear-coverts and sides of neck ashy 

 grey, separated from the black lores by a narrow line of ashy 

 white, which extends below the black chin-spot, but is less distinct 

 and somewhat tinged with red ; remainder of throat ashy grey, 

 washed with orange ; fore neck and entire breast orange-scarlet ; 

 abdomen ashy brown, white in the centre ; under tail-coverts white ; 

 flanks and thighs like the abdomen ; under wing-coverts and axil- 

 laries ashy white ; quills dusky below, ashy along the inner web : 

 " bill black ; tarsus body-colour ; iris dark brown " (Prjevalski). 

 Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3 - 3, tail 2*8, tarsus # 65. 



Mr. Hume's series consists of seven specimens, all varying but 

 slightly in the extent and depth of the scarlet breast, which in some 

 is tinged with olive-yellow. One specimen has the breast ashy 

 grey, with only an appearance of scarlet, but is otherwise quite 

 adult. The scarlet breast is therefore evidently gradually acquired. 



According to Colonel Prjevalski, the female only differs from the 

 male in having the underparts of a light chocolate-colour, the back 

 darker. 



Hub. Himalayas, hitherto known from Sikhim only. Western 

 Szechuen in China, and Kansu. 



a, b, c, d, e. <S ad. ; /. Sikhim, April 1874 (L. Man- Hume Coll. 



cj imni. sk. delli). 



g. <S ad. sk. Darjiling. Hume Coll. 



9. Pyrrhula aurantiaca. 



Pyrrhula aurantiaca, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 22 ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. 

 p. 390 (1853) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 442 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1871, p. 232 ; 

 Hume Sf Renders. Lahore to Yarkand, p. 258(1873); Stoliczka, 

 Str. F. 1874, p. 461 ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 108 ; Biddulph, 

 Ibis, 1881, p. 82 ; Scully, t. c. p. 577 ; Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 420. 



