49. PROPYRRHULA. 463 



like the sides of the neck ; cheeks and throat brighter crimson ; fore 

 neck mottled with pale rosy, the feathers edged with dark crimson ; 

 breast and abdomen dark ashy grey, like the sides of body and 

 flanks, the upper breast washed with pale crimson, the lower abdo- 

 men whitish ; thighs ashy ; under tail-coverts ashy, slightly tinged 

 with rosy, the long ones with dusky brown bases ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries ashy, edged with pale crimson ; quills below 

 dusky, ashy along tho inner edge. Total length 7 inches, culmen 

 0-5, wing -i, tail 3, tarsus - 9. 



Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above 

 dull olive-yellow, mottled with dusky bases to the feathers ; lower 

 back, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform olive-yellow ; lesser 

 wing-coverts like the back ; median and greater coverts dusky 

 brown, externally olive-yellow, brighter towards the ends ; bastard- 

 wing, primary-coverts, and quills dusky brown, fringed with olive- 

 yellow, more broadly on the secondaries, the inner ones ashy towards 

 the ends ; tail-feathers dusky brown, fringed with olive-yellow ; 

 crown of head ashy grey, with dusky centres to the feathers ; the 

 forehead olive-yellow, brighter above the lores ; lores, feathers below 

 the eye, and fore part of cheeks hoary grey ; eyelid olive-yellow ; 

 ear-coverts and sides of neck dark ashy grey, as well as the hinder 

 cheeks ; chin hoary grey, mottled with dusky bases ; lower throat 

 dark ashy grey ; fore neck and chest olive-yellow, with dusky bases ; 

 breast, sides of body, and flanks dark ashy grey, lighter on the 

 abdomen ; thighs ashy grey ; under tail-coverts also ashy grey, with 

 pale ashy edges ; under wing-coverts and axillaries ashy grey, edged 

 with olive-yellow, especially on the edge of the wing : quills below 

 dusk}', ashy along the inner edge : " bill and legs brownish flesh- 

 colour with a rosy tinge ; iris brown " (B. H. Hodgson). Total 

 length 8 inches, culmen 055, wing 3*65, tail 3, tarsus 0*8. 



Old females become orange on the forehead and on the fore neck, 

 and vary according to age in the brightness of the olive-yellow on 

 the lower back and rump. The hinder crown is often olive-yellow 

 like the back, instead of being ashy grey ; soft parts " as in the male, 

 but duller" (B. H. Hodgson). 



Young males at first resemble the old female, and have the fore- 

 head and fore neck orange. The second plumage seems to be like 

 that of the fully adult male, but the markings on the chest are 

 yellow slightly tinged with crimson, and there is a little of the 

 latter colour on the olive-yellow of the back as well as on the sides 

 of the face. The full plumage seems to take some time to acquire, 

 as many of the crimson-throated birds often show traces of the 

 olive-yellow stage. As with many of the Grosbeaks, the crimson 

 mottling on the chest becomes abraded, and this part is often nearly 

 uniform. 



Hab. Himalayas from Nepal to Sikhim. 



