488 FRINGILLIim. 



ii. p. 488 (1856) ; Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 58 



(1863). 

 Emberiza oinops, Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 108 



(1846). 

 Euspiza pusilla, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 130 (1849). 

 Buscarla pusilla, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool, 1857, p. 163. 

 Cynchramus pusillus, Deql. et Gerbe, Orn. Bur. i. p. 327 (1867). 

 Citrinella pusilla, Gray, Hand-l, B. ii. p. 115, no. 7712 (1869). 

 Schcenicola pnsilla, Doderh Avif. Sicil. p. 89 (1869). 

 Emberiza lesbia (nee Gm.), Fritsch, Vbg. Bur. tab. 26. fig. 14 



(c. 1870). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above rufous- 

 brown, with broad black centres to the feathers, the rump rather 

 duller brown ; the scapulars chestnut, with black centres ; lesser 

 wing-coverts brown ; median and greater coverts black, externally 

 edged with pale rufous-brown, with narrow white tips ; bastard- 

 wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally fringed with 

 brown, the primaries margined with ashy brown, the secondaries 

 with rufous ; tail-feathers blackish brown, edged with lighter brown, 

 the penultimate feather with a long wedge-shaped mark of white 

 on the inner web ; the outer feather for the most part white, with 

 an oblique blackish mark on the inner web, and a small dusky mark 

 near the end of the outer web ; centre of crown vinous chestnut, 

 with a broad black streak along each side, forming a baud ; a super- 

 ciliary line, lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and throat vinous chest- 

 nut, with a moustachial line of black along the under margin of the 

 cheeks, running behind the ear-coverts ; hind neck paler than the 

 crown, and streaked with whitish like the sides of the neck ; re- 

 mainder of under surface of body from the lower throat downwards 

 dull white ; the centre of the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts 

 uniform ; the lower throat, fore neck, and breast, as well as the 

 sides of the body, streaked with black ; under wing-coverts and 

 axillaries white ; quills dusky below, ashy along the inner web : 

 " bill brown, the lower mandible whitish ; feet reddish grey ; iris 

 brown " (David). Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 0-4, wing 2-8, 

 tail 2-05, tarsus 0-8. 



Adult female in breeding-plumage. Scarcely differs from the male, 

 but is not quite so richly coloured on tho throat, and less distinctly 

 streaked with black below. 



In winter plumage the adults are more rufous than in summer, 

 with rufescent edges to the feathers of the upper surface, especially 

 on the quills and tail-feathers ; the black mark behind the ear- 

 coverts is more distinct and not so broken up as in the breeding- 

 plumage ; the under surface is suffused with ockreous buff, and the 

 black streaks are less pronounced. 



Young. Eesembles more the adult female in winter plumage, but 

 has scarcely any vinous tinge about the face ; head rufous-brown, 

 streaked with black, with a slight band of fulvous down the centre 

 of the crown ; back fulvescent, washed with rufous and broadly 



