492 FRINGILLIDiE. 



of the quills, which have whitish edges along the inner weh. 

 Total length 5 inches, culmen 45, wing 3, tail 2, tarsus 0*75. 



Adult male in winter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage 

 chiefly in its more fulvous tone of coloration, the distinctive markings 

 of the adult bird being overlain with ashy-fulvous edges to the 

 feathers ; this is especially the case with the chestnut throat-band. 

 The whole of the upper surface of the body is more ashy fulvous, 

 with which the feathers are all broadly edged ; the head is only a 

 little darker than the back, by reason of the underlying black 

 feathers of the next breeding-plumage, when the head becomes 

 black by the wearing-off of the edges to the feathers ; lores, feathers 

 over the eye, and eyelid dull sandy brown, as also the ear-coverts 

 and sides of the face, with a patch of black on the upper and on the 

 hinder margin of the ear-coverts ; cheeks and throat buffy whitish, 

 separated from each other by a moustachial streak of black ; the 

 throat with a few small dusky spots ; wings as in summer, but the 

 light edges to all the feathers broader, and the white tips to the 

 wing-coverts tinged with fulvous. 



The adult female is browner than the male, and is streaked on 

 the fore neck and chest, wanting the rufous on the head and 

 throat. General colour above brown, streaked with blackish, the 

 head like the back and similarly streaked ; rump tinged with 

 rufous ; wings and tail as in the male, but the lesser wing-coverts 

 brown instead of chestnut ; under surface of body buffy white, 

 inclining to isabelline on the throat ; under tail-coverts white. 

 Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 2 - 95, tail 2-2, tarsus 

 0-7. 



Nestling. Resembles the old female, but is more tawny, being 

 sandy brown above, the head minutely spotted aud the back broadly 

 streaked with blackish brown ; the margins to the wing-feathers 

 and tail very broad, and sandy brown in colour ; under surface of 

 body sandy isabelline, minutely spotted with blackish on the lower 

 throat and fore neck. 



Young birds resemble the winter plumage of the adults, but are 

 yellowish buff on the breast, and have the throat thickly spotted 

 with dusky, and the fore neck and breast plentifully streaked with 

 blackish brown ; the margins to the wing-coverts are sandy buff, 

 and they are not tipped with white. 



Young birds in first winter plumage can only be distinguished 

 from the adults by tho greater amount of spotting on the breast, 

 the chestnut shade being merely subtermiual and not nearly so 

 much developed as in the adults. 



Hub. Northern Europe, extending to Eastern Siberia and Kamt- 

 schatka, and to China in winter. 



a, b. S ad. sk. Archangel, April 1874. Hume Coll. 



c. $ juv. sk. Archangel, June 13, 1874. Hume Coll. 



d. 2 juv. sk. Arcliangel,July24(JF'.iT'/(?yes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 «. c? juv. sk. R. Dvina, Aug. 9 (TV. M.). Salvin-Godman Coll. 



