£04 FRIKG1LLID.E. 



Orn. Cauc. p. 189 (1884) ; Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 188 

 (1884) ; C. Swiith. §■ Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 129 ; GiijHoli, Avif. 

 ltd. p. 45 (1885) ; Salvad. Flench. Ucc. Ital. p. 161 (1887). 



Euspiza simillima, Bhjth, J. A. S. Bern/, xviii. p. 811 (1849) ; id. 

 Cat. B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 128 (1849) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. E.I. 

 Co. Mm. ii. p. 486 (1856) ; Gray, Hand-'l. B. ii. p. 112, no. 7676 

 (1870) ; Hume, Nests $ Eijys Lid. B. p. 466 (1873). 



Euspiza atricapilla, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 277. 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. Above light bay or orange- 

 chestnut, paler on the rump, and slightly washed with yellow ; 

 upper tail-coverts ashy, with yellow margins ; lesser wing-coverts 

 like the back, but with ashy margins ; median and greater coverts, 

 bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish brown, broadly 

 edged with isabelline-brown, whiter on the median and greater 

 series, and more rufescent on the inner secondaries ; tail-feathers 

 dark brown, edged with whity brown externally and with white ou 

 the inner web ; crown of head, lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts 

 black ; cheeks and sides of neck bright golden yellow, extending ou 

 the hind neck, where it forms a collar, mixed with bay like the 

 back ; entire under surface of body bright golden yellow, somewhat 

 ashy on the thighs, and washed with bay ; axillaries and under 

 wing-coverts pale yellow, with light isabelline bases ; quills dusky 

 below, ashy fulvous along the inner web : " bill pearly grey, dingy 

 on the upper mandible ; legs and feet fleshy brown, dingy on the 

 toes, or fleshy pink, with the feet plumbeous ; iris reddish brown " 

 {A. 0. Hume). Total length 7 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-65, 

 tail 2-9, tarsus 0-9. 



Other males, collected in Jodhpur by Mr. Hume, had the soft 

 parts as follows: — "Iris brown: upper mandible dusky brown, 

 lower mandible bluish grey ; bill bluish grey, dusky on the culmen ; 

 legs and feet fleshy brown, darker on the feet." 



Colonel E. A. Butler gives the following memoranda on the males 

 collected by him at ISelgaum in January and February 1880 : — 

 " Iris dark brown ; legs and feet fleshy brown ; bill pale greenish 

 horn-colour, browner on the culmen."' The females bad the soft 

 parts similarly coloured. 



Adult male in winter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage 

 in being entirely obscured by ashy margins to the featbers, so that 

 the black of the head and the chestnut of the back are alike hidden ; 

 the yellow of the underparts is also dulled by ashy margins to the 

 feathers, especially on the flanks. 



Young males in winter plumage may be distinguished by their 

 brown ear-coverts and the stripes of black down the middle of the 

 dorsal feathers, in which respect they resemble the females ; the 

 yellow of the underparts is also not so brilliant as in the adults : 

 " bill bluish grey, brownish on the culmen ; legs and feet fleshy 

 brown, dusky on the feet ; iris brown " {A. O. Hume). 



The old female in breeding^plumage is pale chestnut on the upper 

 surface, washed with yellow on the lower back and rump ; the head 



