514 FKINGILLID-Sli 



17. Emberiza rutila. 



Emberiza vutila, Pall. Beis. Buss. Beichs, iii. p. 698 (1776) ; Gm. 

 Sijst. Nat. i. p. 872 (1788) ; Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 53 

 Q811) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 377 (1844) ; Temm. 8,- Schl. Faun. 

 Jap., Aves, pi. 56 b (1850) ; Midd. Sibir. Beis. ii. p. 141 (1851) ; 

 Schrenck, Amur. Beis., Zool. p. 280 (1859) ; Swinh. Ibis, 1861, 

 pp. 334, 410 ; id. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 318 ; Badde, Beis. Sibir., Vbff. 

 p. 168 (1863) ; Bli/th # Wald. B. Burm. p. 95 (1875) ; Wardlaw 



p. 354 (1883) ; Blakist. Amended List B. Japan, p. 30 (1884). 



Euspiza rutila, Bp. Consp. i. p. 469 (1850) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, 

 p. 300 ; Dybouski, J. f. O. 1868, p. 335 ; Sioinh, P. Z. S. 1871, 

 p 387; Taez. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 90, 1874, p. 335; id. Bull. Soc. 

 Zool. France, i. p. 178 (1876) ; David #f Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 331 

 (1877) ; Hume $ Davison, Str. F. 1878, p. 408 ; Hume, Str. F. 

 1879, p. 107. 



Citrinella rutila, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 113, no. 7696 (1869) ; Hume, 

 Str. F. 1875, p. 117. 



Adult male. General colour above deep bay or ebestnut, entirely 

 uniform, but a little lighter towards the rump and upper tail- 

 coverts ; scapulars and wing-coverts like the back, the latter with 

 obsolete fringes of olive-grey at the ends ; bastard-wing blackish ; 

 primary-coverts dark brown, margined with dull olive ; quills 

 blackish brown, edged with light brown, the primaries with ashy, 

 the inner secondaries externally chestnut ; tail-feathers dark brown, 

 edged with olive, the two outer ones with a small whitish mark at 

 the end of the outer web ; sides of face, throat, aud fore neck chest- 

 nut like the back ; remainder of under surface of body clear sulphur- 

 yellow, including the thighs and under tail-coverts ; sides of body 

 and flanks olive-greenish, with broad streaks of dusky blackish; 

 axillaries and under wing-coverts white, washed with pale yellow, 

 with dusky bases ; quills dusky below, ashy along the inner web : 

 " bill brown ; feet grey ; iris brownish rufous " (David). Total 

 length 5 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 2-95, tail 2-25, tarsus 0'7. 



In ivinter plumage the chestnut feathers of the back and throat 

 have ashy margins, which are shed on the approach of the breeding- 

 season. 



The younger males in winter plumage may be told by the ashy 

 colour of the mantle and back being much more developed, these 

 parts being further mottled by subterminal spots of black. 



Adult female. Different from the male. Brown above, broadly 

 streaked with black on the mantle and back, the head like the back 

 and similarly streaked ; hind neck more uniform and less distinctly 

 streaked with blackish ; lower back and rump chestnut ; upper tail- 

 coverts pale chestnut, with ashy margins and dusky centres ; wing- 

 coverts blackish brown, edged with ashy olive, yellowish white 

 towards the end of the feathers ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 

 and quills dark brown, edged with pale brown, slightly rufescent 



