53. EMBERIZA. 523 



(1844) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 465 (1850) , Middmd. Sibir. Reis. p. 282 

 (1858) ; Schrenck, Reis. Amurl. p. 142, pi. xii. figs. 5-8 (1859) ; 

 Radde, Reis. Sibir., Tog. p. 169 (1863) ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 374 

 (1803); Dyboicski, J. f. 0. 1868, p. 335; Swinh, Ibis, 1863, 

 p. 377 ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 354 ; id, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 388 ; id. Ibis, 

 1875, pp. 122, 450 ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 176 (1876) ; 

 Prjev. in Dawson Roivley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 307 (1877); David 

 $ Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 329 (1878) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 

 iii. p. 137 (1878) ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 107 ; Seebohn, Ibis, 

 1880, p. 188 ; Salvia, Cat, Strickl. Coll. p. 236 (1882) ; Seebohn, 

 Ibis, 1884, p. 182; Blakist. Amended List B. Japan, pp. 26, 61 

 (1884). 



Emberiza sordida Yel chloroeephala, Hodys. Icon, ined, in Brit. Mus., 

 Fasseres, pi. 290. figs. 1 , 2 (no. 445) ; id. in Grays Zool. Misc. 

 p. 84 (1844). 



Emberiza melanops, Blyth, J. A. S. Benq. xiv. p. 554 (1845), xv. 

 p. 39 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 465 (1880). 



Euspiza bortulana (nee L.), Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal jn-es. 

 Hodys. p. 108 (1846). 



Euspiza melanops, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 129 (1849). 



Citrinella spodocephala, Gray, Hand-l, B. ii. p. 113, no. 7688 (1870). 



Adult male in summer plumage. General colour above brown, 

 the feathers of the upper back slightly washed with rufous, edged 

 with fulvous and broadly streaked down the middle with black ; 

 scapulars like the back ; lesser wing-coverts uniform reddish brown ; 

 median and greater series blackish brown, externally sandy brown, 

 margined paler and tipped with buffy white, more distinct on the 

 median coverts ; the inner greater coverts more distinctly rufous 

 externally ; primary-coverts and quills dusky brown, externally 

 fringed with ashy ; quills dusky brown, externally washed with 

 rufous, the primaries with ashy white ; inner secondaries resembling 

 the inner greater coverts ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 

 uniform earthy brown ; centre tail-feathers light brown, the re- 

 mainder dark brown, edged with lighter brown, the penultimate one 

 with a large wedge-shaped mark of white near the end of the outer 

 web, the outer feather almost entirely white save for an oblique 

 black mark on the inner web and a small brown mark at the end 

 of the outer web ; head and neck all round, including the sides of 

 the face and neck, throat, and chest ashy grey with a distinct wash 

 of olive ; lores, base of cheeks, and chin black ; breast pale sulphur- 

 yellow, whiter towards the vent ; under tail-coverts pale sulphur- 

 yellow ; thighs ashy olive ; sides of breast and flanks reddish brown, 

 rather distinctly striped with black ; axillaries very pale sulphur- 

 yellow ; under wing-coverts white with dusky bases; quills dusky 

 below, ashy whitish along the edge of the inner web : " bill brown, 

 with the point blackish and the lower mandible whitish ; feet flesh- 

 colour ; iris chestnut-brown " (A. David). Total length 4 - 75 inches, 

 culmen 0"45, wing 2 - 7, tail 2-15, tarsus 0'75. 



Adult male in winter plumage. Only differs from the summer 

 plumage in being more olive-yellow on the head and neck, some of 

 the feathers of the crown and hind neck being tipped with rufous- 

 brown. 



