5k36 FIUNGILLIDJE. 



Naehtr. Xaum. Vog. Deutxekl. xiii. pi. 381 (1860) ; Heuql. J. f. O. 

 1862, p. 403 ; Blasius, Ibis, 1862, p. 71 ; Gdtke, t. c. p. 390 ; Cham- 

 bers, Ibis, 1863, p. 475 ; Bree, B. Eur. iii. p. 40, c. tab. (1864) ; 

 Degl. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 318 (1867); Tristr. Ibis, 1867, p. 367 ; 

 Heuyl. J.f. O. 1808, p. 74; Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 89 (1869); 

 Fritseh, Vog, Eur. tab. 17. tig. 5 (c. 1870); Salvad. Fawn. It at., 

 Uee. p. 139 (1871) ; Dresser, B. Eur. iv. p. 213, pi. 260(1871); 

 Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 662 (1871) ; Sever tz. Turkest, Jevotn. 

 p. 64 (1873); Lilfdrd, Ibis, 1875, p. 6; Cordeau.r, t. c. p. 182; 

 Dresser, t. c. p. 248 ; Giglioli, Ibis, 1881, p. 201 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1882, 

 p. 404 ; id. Faun. $■ Flor. Palest, p. 72 (1884) ; Radde, Orn. Cauc. 

 p. 195 (1884); Giglioli, Avif . Ital. p. 50 (1886); Salvad. Elench. 

 Uce. Ital. p. 164 (1887). 



Ernberiza rutibarba, Nordm. in Erman, Sets. Taf. 8. tigs. 1, 2 (1835) ; 

 Brehm, Vogelf. p. 113 (1855). 



Fringillaria cfesia, Swains. C/assif. B. ii. p. 290 (1837) ; Gray, Gen. 

 B. ii. p. 378 (1844) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 466 (1850) ; Locke, Evpl. Sci. 

 Alger., Ois. i. p. 180 (1868) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 115, no. 7719 

 (1870); Heugl. Orn. K.O.-Afr. iv. App. p. cxlvi (1871). 



Euspiza (Friugillaria) csesia, B/yth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 130 

 (1849). 



Glycispipa csesia, Cab. Mus. Hein. Th. i. p. 129 (1850). 



Emberiza rufigularis, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 113 (1855). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above rufous- 

 brown, mottled on the back with blackish centres to the feathers ; 

 lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform, or with only 

 narrow black shaft-lines ; wing-coverts blackish, edged with rufous- 

 brown ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and ijuills blackish, fringed 

 with rufous- brown, the secondaries more broadly edged with rufous ; 

 tail-feathers blackish, narrowly edged with rufous, the two outer 

 feathers with a large wedge-shaped mark near the end of the inner 

 web, larger on the outer feather, which is also margined with white ; 

 entire crown and nape blue-grey, as well as the ear-coverts ; lores, 

 feathers below the eye, cheeks, and throat pale chestnut ; across the 

 lower throat and fore neck a broad band of blue-grey ; remainder 

 of the under surface of body deep chestnut, including the thighs and 

 under tail-coverts ; axillaries and under wing-coverts ashy, washed 

 with rufous and having dusky bases ; quills dusky below, ashy along 

 the inner web : " bill reddish brown above, legs brown ; iris brewn " 

 (Shelley). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0-45, wing 3 - 35, tail 2"5, 

 tarsus - 7. 



Adult female. Differs from the male in being browner and less 

 richly coloured ; the head duller grey and striped with blackish ; 

 round the eye a ring of dull whitish : lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, 

 and under surface of body pale chestnut or cinnamon-rufous, with 

 a few narrow shaft-lines of black on the fore neck. Total length 

 5*8 inches, culmen 0*45, wing 3*05, tail 2-45, tarsus 0-7. 



Hah. South-eastern Europe, ranging eastwards to the Caucasus, 

 and westwards along the Mediterranean basin, rarely to the south 

 of France as well as Algeria. Winters in Xorth-eastern Africa and 

 Arabia. 



