550 FRINGII.UD/E. 



Adult male in brBeding-plumage. General colour above cinnamon- 

 rufous or pale chestnut, the mantle and upper back streaked with 

 black centres to the feathers ; tbe bind neck and sides of neck, lower 

 back, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform rufous ; lesser wing- 

 coverts ashy grey ; median coverts rufous, with whitish margins 

 and black bases ; greater coverts blackish, edged with whity brown, 

 whitish at the tips ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts blackish ; 

 quills blackish, edged with ashy white, the secondaries with brown, 

 the innermost externally rufous like the back ; tail-feathers blackish, 

 edged with whity brown, the penultimate one with a large wedge- 

 shaped mark of white at the eud of the inner web, this mark much 

 larger on the outer feather, which is also margined with white ex- 

 ternally ; centre of crown pure white, the sides of the crown black 

 along each side in the form of a broad band ; base of forehead 

 washed with rufous ; lores and a broad eyebrow, as well as the 

 feathers round the eye, vinous chestmvt ; a broad band of white 

 along the sides of the face, running below the eye across the middle 

 of the ear-coverts, above and below the latter being a large black 

 mark ; cheeks, throat, and sides of neck rich vinous chestnut, the 

 latter with a crescentic mark of white ; on the fore neck a large 

 white collar ; chest and sides of body chestnut, the flanks narrowly 

 streaked with black ; breast, abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts 

 white ; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, the latter with 

 dusky bases ; quills dusky below, ashy along the inner web ; upper 

 mandible dark brown, the lower one yellowish brown ; feet pale 

 yellowish ; iris dark brown. Total length 6-2 inches, culmen ()-o, 

 wing 3'75, tail 3 - 15, tarsus - 75. 



Adult male in winter plumage. Has the same coloration as in 

 summer, but entirely obscured by dusky or ashy tips to the feathers ; 

 the dorsal feathers margined with sandy buff, the upper tail-coverts 

 with ashy white ; the hind neck washed with brown ; the white 

 crown obscured with dusky brown tips, the black on the sides of the 

 crown with brown edgings ; all the chestnut of the head and throat 

 hidden by sandy-buff tips to the feathers, and on the breast and 

 sides of the body the rufous entirely hidden by sandy edges ; the 

 white patch on the fore neck spotted with dusky : " upper mandible 

 very dark brown, the base from nostril to gape yellowish ; lower 

 mandible very pale horny bluish ; legs yellowish fleshy, the feet 

 slightly tinged with brown " ( W. Davison) ; " iris dark brown " (Dr. 

 G. King). 



Adult female. Very similar to tho male above, but has the cha- 

 racteristic markings less pronounced ; the white coronal patch 

 hidden by a wash of brown and streaked with black ; lesser wing- 

 coverts brown instead of ashy ; outer tail-feathers with somewhat 

 less white on the inner web ; sides of face and throat ashy whitish, 

 with chestnut bases to the feathers : the band across the ear-coverts 

 dull ashy whitish, with a patch of dark brown above and below ; a 

 very distinct malar line of black ; on tho lower throat a white collar, 

 less distinct than in the male ; remainder of underparts white, the 

 chest and sides of the bodv with concealed chestnut centres to the 



