58. caxcaeitjs. 579 



58. CALCARIUS. Type 



Calcarius, Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. p. 130 (1802). 0. lapponicus. 



Plectrophanes, J/<W, Ybq. Lh- u. Esthl. p. xu (lbl5) C. lapponicus. 

 Centrophanes, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. pp. 154, 158 (1829) . . C. lapponicus. 

 Cf. Stejneger, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mm. x. p. 23. 



Foot of Calcarius lapponicus. 



Range. Northern portions of both Hemispheres, going south in 

 winter. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Throat black; sides of breast mottled with black ; 



breast otherwise white ; penultimate tail-feather 

 ■with oulv a small wedge-shaped mark of white 

 at the end ; hind neck rufous lapponicus, p. 579. 



b. Throat ochreous buff. 



a'. Entire throat and breast black ; a rufous collar 



round the hind neck ; penultimate and outer 



tail-feathers white, excepting for a small 



dusky line near the end of the outer web. . . . ornatus, p. 586. 

 6'. No black on the breast, which is ochreous buff 



like the throat ; hind neck ochreous buff ; 



penultimate tail-feather white, with a large 



oblique mark of black on the inner web as 



well as a mark near 1 the end of the outer web pictus, p. 584. 



1. Calcarius lapponicus. 



? The Greater Bunting, Albin, Nat. Hist. Birds, pi. 63*. 



Le Pineon de Montagne, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 160 (1760). 



Fringilla lapponica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 317 (1766) ; Meyer u. 



Wolf, Taschenb. i. p. 176 (1810). 

 Fringilla calcarata, Pall. Reise Buss. Reichs, ii. p. 710, pi. E (1773). 

 Le Grand Montain, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. ix. p. 134 (1778). 

 Laplard Finch, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. i. p. 263 (1783). 

 Passer calcaratus, Pall. Zooyr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 18 (1811). 

 Hortulanus niontanus, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. etc. Brit. Muz, p. 16 



(1816). 

 Passerina lapponica, Tieill. N. Diet. (THist. Nat. xxv. p. 12 (1817). 

 Emberiza calcarata, Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. 322 (1820); Werner, 



Atlas, Granivores, pi. 29 (1827) ; Crespon, Orn. Gard, p. 232 



* This plate is generally referred to the Lapland Bunting; but, in my 

 opinion, it is not recognizable as such. 



2p2 



