58. CALCAEITJS. 581 



Adult male in summer plumage. General colour above black, 

 streaked on the back with rufous or creamy white, with which 

 colours the feathers are edged ; lesser and median wing-coverts 

 blackish, edged with isabelline or creamy whitish ; greater coverts 

 like the scapulars, blackish, margined with pale rufous ; bastard- 

 wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally edged with 

 ashy brown or whitish, the secondaries with rufous; rump and 

 upper tail-coverts like the back, the latter rather broadly edged with 

 creamy white ; tail-feathers dark brown, edged with ashy whitish ; 

 the outer feather for the most part white, except for a small spot of 

 brown near the end of the outer web, and a large oblique brown 

 mark towards the base of the inner web ; penultimate feather with 

 a small wedge-shaped spot of white at the end ; crown of head 

 black, with a few creamy-white tips to the feathers of the occiput, 

 separated from the mantle by a broad collar of bright chestnut 

 occupying the entire hind neck and sides of neck ; a broad white 

 eyebrow of creamy buff; lores, feathers round the eye, ear-coverts, 

 cheeks, and entire throat black, extending down each side of the 

 breast ; from behind the ear-coverts a line of creamy white extending 

 from the eyebrow on the sides of the breast, where it widens out 

 and forms a patch ; on the sides of the upper breast a small patch 

 of brown ; remainder of under surface of body creamy white, the 

 flanks streaked with black ; thighs brown ; axillaries and under 

 wing- coverts white; quills pale brown below, light ashy rufous 

 along the inner web : " feet brownish black ; iris dark brown " 

 (Stejneger). Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*4, wing 3 - 5, tail 2-35, 

 tarsus - 75. 



In some old males in breeding-dress there is a narrow collar of 

 creamy white separating the black head from the chestnut hind 

 neck, and uniting with the eyebrow and white neck-patch on 

 either side of the head. This is only apparent when the plumage 

 gets worn, allowing the white bases to the chestnut plumes on the 

 nape to show, whereas in fresh-plumaged specimens these are 

 hidden by the black feathers of the hinder crown. 



Adult female in breeding-plumage. Differs from the male in 

 wanting the black head and rufous collar, the latter being replaced 

 by a slight shade of rufous on the hinder neck and sides of neck, 

 both of which are mottled with small black spots ; crown of head 

 black, with fulvous edges to the feathers and a mesial line of fulvous 

 white down the centre of the head ; a creamy-buff eyebrow, narrowly 

 streaked with blackish shaft- lines ; ear-coverts brown, blackish on 

 the upper and lower margins ; behind them a whitish patch on the 

 sides of the neck ; cheeks, throat, and underparts creamy white, with 

 a distinct malar line of black, extending down on to the fore neck 

 and chest, which are also black, concealed by whitish tips to the 

 feathers ; sides of body and flanks streaked with black ; thighs 

 brown ; axillaries and under wing-coverts white ; quills dusky 

 below, ashy along the inner web : " bill brownish yellow, with 

 blackish tip3 ; feet dark brown " (Stejneger). Total length 6 inches, 

 culmen 0-45, wing 3 - 5, tail 2-45, tarsus 0*8. 



