ECHINOSOMA. 71 



Burr, (OQi) p. 89, (02) p. 478, (05') p. 28, (073) p. 510 ; Kirby, 

 (04) p. 8. 

 Echinosomca westermanni, Dohrn, (63) p. 60 ; Scudder, (76) p. olO 

 Duhr. (79) p. 352 ; Borm. (00-) p. 28 ; Kirby, (04) p. 8. 



Pronotiim broader than the head, depressed, transverse, anterior 

 margin gently convex, angles rounded ; sides broadly reflexed ; 

 prozona somewhat tumid, and with a strong sulcus ; metazona 

 depressed, varying in colour from a uniform pale yellow to almost 

 black, with a few dark markings. Elytra ample, rugulose and 

 densely clad with dark bristles ; brown or blackish, sometimes with 

 a small red spot in the middle. A\'ings usually prominent, but 

 occasionally short and scarcely protruding, pale yellowish, with a 

 dark spot at the tip. Legs pale yellowish, the femora and tibiae 

 usually ringed with blackish. Abdomen dark brown to black, 

 densely puuctulate and densely bristly. Last dorsal segment in the 

 S transverse, with a median impression, posterior margin trun- 

 cate, tumid over the roots of the forceps ; in the $ similar but 

 narrowed. Pygidium: in the c? rectangular, very short and very 

 broad ; in the $ conical. Forceps : in the d with branches remote 

 and roundly trigonal at base, smooth, stout, nearly straight basally, 

 then gently arcuate ; in the $ remote at base, straight at first, then 

 arcuate, but less strongly than in 6 • 



c? ? 



Length of body 9-14 mm. 10-14 mm. 



„ forceps 1*5-2 „ 1-5-2 „ 



Bhutan: MariaBasti(P«r«s3/Ms.); Sikkim (/wc?. J/ms.) ; Assam: 

 Khasi Hills, Sibsagar {Ind. Mus.); Burma: Metanja in April, 

 Teinzo, Katha, in November, Bhamo in July, Shwegu in October, 

 Palon in August and September (G-V/io«Ji«s.); Ceylo'S (Brit. Mus.). 

 Widely distributed and abundant throughout the Oriental 

 Eegion, extending as far as New Guinea and Northern Australia. 

 A careful examination of numerous specimens, offering many 

 differences of pattern, from all parts of India, Burma, Annam, 

 Tonkin, Siam, the Malay Archipelago and New Guinea, fails to 

 reveal any structural distinction, and consequently £. wester- 

 manni, Dohrn, is sunk, as being based merely on coloration or 

 wing-development. Tlie burden of proof lies with the advocates 

 of separation. Perhaps the intensity of coloration depends upon 

 the age and condition of the specimen when caught. 



The following variations are represented in the Burr col- 

 lection : — 



I. Genei'al colour ranging from light brown (Java) to almost 

 entirely black (Annam). 

 II. Labrum blackish (Tonkin, Java, etc.) or yellow (Annam, 



Tonkin, Java). 

 III. Pronotum uniform pale yellow (Java); more generally 

 black, with yellowish markings at the sides and pos- 

 teriorly. 



