286 C. R. Osten Sachen: 



Iji German, these sqiiaraae were always called Schuppen or 

 Schüppchen, which is a translation of squama, or squamula. 



In French, Reaumur (IV, p. 280, Tab. XIX, Fig. 9 nn.; IV, 

 p. 572, Tab. 38, Fig. 6e) called tliem ailerons or co quill es. 

 Geoftroy (II, p. 436, 1762) calls theni aileron, which he compares 

 to the hollow part of a spoon, called in French cuilleron, The 

 latter terni was adopted by the later French authors, Latreille 

 (Precis 1796), Robineau Desvoidy (Myiodaires, p. 16, 1830), 

 Macquart (H. Nat. Dipt. I, p. 4, 1834), and others. R. Desvoidy 

 says: „je conserve ä ce double appareil le noni frangais de cuille- 

 rons, mais je le traduis en latin par le mot calypta, de calypto, 

 je couvre, tandis que je designe par les mots squama superior et 

 squama inferior les deux squames qui le composent." (The same 

 in the Hist. des Dipt. d. Env. de Paris I, p. 77, 1863.) 



Thus Robineau has a double nomenclature for these organs: he 

 calls them cuilleron s (calypta) when both are considered togcther, 

 and squame (squama) when they are taken separately. 



Squama or squamula was the term almost universally used. 

 It is found in Linne (XII. edit. p. 969, 1766) as squamula. Fa- 

 bricius. Fallen, Meigen, Zetterstedt, Erichson (die Henopier), Schiner, 

 all have squama. Illiger, Terminologie (1800, No. 1818) has squama 

 halterum. In England Harris (1782), Fig. 4e, calls them femoral 

 scales; Curtis — squamula (Comp. Brit. Ins. Dipt. under 

 Henops, Oestrus etc.). In America Say, Am. Ent. I, p. 155, (1824) 

 in the Explan ation of terms has squama, scale. 



It is a matter of regret that later English authors did not follow 

 Harris and Curtis in using the quite appropriate term squama. 

 The introduction of alulae or winglets is apparently due to Kirby 

 and Spence (Introd. etc. II, p. 360, 1817, winglets; III, p. 625, 

 alulae or winglets; the Orismology in Vol. IV does not contain any 

 term for these organs). In the choice of the term, these authors 

 may have been influenced by the term aileron of Geoffroy, 1762 

 (comp, above). Haliday (Ent. Mag. IV, p. 149, 1836) has the term 

 calyptra, perhaps under the influence of Robineau-Desvoidy; but 

 when he takes them separately, he distinguishes the interior and 

 the exterior auricle (Entom. Mag. III, p. 318, 1836). But later 

 (Nat. Hist. Rev. 1855, p. 55) he adopts the term alulae. Westwood 

 (Intr. II, p. 500, 1840) has alulets. Rondani uses the term ca- 

 liptera. Walker (List Dipt. Brit. Mus. V, p. 1, 1854) gives a 

 figure of a wing in which the lower squamule is called subscutellar 

 winglet, the upper one subaxillary winglet. In the Ins. Brit, 

 Diptera Walker always uses the term alula. 



