Calypleratae and Acalypteratae, Calypta and Cabjptra. 331 



succcedcd in finding in Ins volumes. Calypta (cnilierons) constitutcd 

 for him what he calls (conipare above) ce double appareil. l>ut 

 wbenever he wanted to designate the squamae separately, he 

 calied theni squama: Je designe par les niots squama superior 

 et squama inferior les deux squames qui le coniposent." This is 

 found in the volume of 1830, and repeated, word for word, tliirty 

 years later (H. N. des Dipt. etc. I, p. 77, 1863). The intention of 

 R,-D. in making this distinction is obvious: he, very correctly, re- 

 cognized in the squamae organs of flight, subsidiary to the wings, 

 rather than mere Covers for the halteres. „Ces developpements 

 meniljraneux servent ä soutenir le corps pendant le vol, et ä donncr 

 plus d'etendue ä la base des ailes pour le tenir suspendue sur la 

 colonne d'air. Alors ils se deploient, s'etendent, s'ajustent ensemble, 

 et se fönt suite les uns aux autres. Les especes qui ont le vol faible 

 nianiiuent de cet appareil si developpe chez les races eminemment 

 volantes: il devient alors evident (jue son usage n'est pas 

 de recouvrir, de proteger les balanciers." It is rather un- 

 fortunate that, öfter such a distinct declaration, R.-D. should have 

 chosen, for this double flying-apparatus, a naine dcrived from the 

 verb calypto, I cover. And it was an inconsistency or an iuad- 

 vertence on bis part when he named the two squamae, forming this 

 apparatus, as if they were always at rest, squama superior and in- 

 ferior, instead of anterior and posterior, as they appear when 

 in niotion. Nevertheless, he never failed, in his letter-press, to follow 

 the rule he had himself established to call them calypta when he 

 took them collectively, and squama when he mentioned them apart. 

 So we have, on p. 520 (1830): Calypta media; squama inferiore lon- 

 giore quam latiore et bilongiore superiore; p. 5<57: Calypta media; 

 squama inferiore excedente superiorem; p. 153: Calyptis limpidis; 

 p. 214: Calypta ampliora etc. 



III. The article (P]. M. M.) says: „Haliday used the iiame 

 calyptra in some of his publications, but the only author who has 

 adopted it altogether is Rondani." In verifying this Statement, I 

 do not find it justified. As I have said above, I did not succeed in 

 finding in the writings of Rondani traces of the subdivision in Ca- 

 lypterata and Acalypterata ; he seems to have followed R.-D. in 

 not adopting it. As to the use of the term calyptra, Rondani 

 always used squama in his earlier publications, up to 1856. In the 

 Prodrome (185G) and his later works, Rondani adopted the prac- 

 tice of R.-D. and used the term calyptra, always in the plural, 

 when he meant the anterior and posterior squamae collec- 

 tively, in the sense of the term „post-alar merabrane". But, 



