(188-2) ; Davidson, Str. F. x. p. 300 (1882) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, 

 p. 102 (Afghanistan) ; Seeb. f. c. p. 210 (Astrachan); Duron, t. c. 

 p. 560 (Algeria) ; Marsh. 8f Pelz. Orn. Vindob. p. 37 (1882); B. 

 O. U. List Bv. B. p. 82 (1883) ; Homeyer ^- Tancre, MT. orn. 

 Vcr. Wien, p. 90 (1883) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1883, p. 21 (Caucasus) ; 

 Severtz. t. c. p. 71 (Pamir) ; Ivby, t. c. p. 179 (Santander) ; Hartl. 

 Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, viii. p. 206 (1883) ; Seeb. Hist. Brit. 

 B. ii. p. 335 (1884J ; Blak. Amended List B. Jajtan, p. 47 (1884) ; 

 Tristr. Faun. ^ Flor. Palest, p. 89 (1884) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1884, p. 36 

 (Yezo) ; Eaqle Clarke, t. c. p. 144 (Hungary) ; Seeb. t. c. p. 261 

 (Central Cliina) ; Saunders, t. c. p. 380 (Pyrenees) ; C. H. T. 

 Marshall, t. c. p. 412 (Chamba) ; Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 298 (1884); 

 Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 120 (1884); Whitehead, Ibis, 

 1885, p. 28 (Corsica); Stvinh. ^ Barnes, t. c. p. 04 (Mhow) ; 

 Me7izb. t. c. p. 357 (Upper Tarim) ; S/efn. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 

 p. 354 (1885) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1880, p. 16 (Aden), p. 166 (Muscat), 

 ]). 498 (Jiushire) ; Davi.wn, Str. F. x. p. 364 (1887) ; Saluad. 

 Flench. Ucc. Ital. \\ 77 (1887) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beng. xlvi. p. 80 

 (1887) ; Lorchz, Beitr. Orn. Faun. Cauc. p. 43 (1887) ; Styan, 

 Ibis, 1887, p. 229 (Foocliow); Tait, t. c. p. 306 (Portugal); 

 Savile Eeid, Ibis, 1887, p. 74 (Teneriffe) ; Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 88, 

 1888 (Mauipur) ; Meade- Waldo, Ibis, 1889, p. 11 (Canaries) ; St. 

 John, t. c. p. 159 (Kelat) ; Lilford, t. c. p. 331 (Cyprus) ; Eayle 

 Clarke, t. c. p. 548 (Pyrenees) ; Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 357 (1889) ; 

 Everett, Journ. Straits Br. B.' Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 165; Sharpe, 

 Journ. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. vol. v. p. 84 (1889) ; Giyl. Avif. Locali, 

 p. 327 (1890). 



La Huppe, Dauhent. PI. Enl. vi. pi. 52 ; Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. 

 p. 439 (1779). 



t'ommon Hoopoe, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 687 (1782). 



I'romerops marcheur d'Eiirope, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Promerops et 

 Guepiers, vii. p. 53, pi. 22 (1807). 



Upupa vulgaris, Pall. Zoor/r. Bosso-Asiat. i. p. 433 (1811). 



Upupa af'ricana (nee Bechst.), Less. Traited'Orn. p. 323 (1831). 



Upupa bifasciata, Brehni, Vdg. Deutschl. p. 215, Taf. 15. fig. 2 (1831). 



Upupa senegalensis. Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 114 (1837) ; Hartl. 

 Orn. W.-Afr. p. 42 (1856) ; id. J.f. O. 1861, pp. 107, 108; Gray, 

 Hand-l. B. i. p. 103, no. 1251 (1869) ; Antin. ^- Salvad. Viagg. 

 Bogos, p. 58 (1873) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 105 

 (1884) ; id. op. cit. vi. p. 220 (1888). 



Ujjupa iudica, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pis. 26, 27. 

 fig. 1 (no. 132) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844). 



Upupa niaculigera, Reichenb. Handb. Scansores, p. 319 (1853). 



Upupa brachyrbyncLos, U. macrorbyncbos, U. exilis, U. africana, U. 

 vii?i\ov , Brehm, Voyelf. p. 77 (1855). 



Upupa major, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 103^ no. 1254 (1869). 



Adidt male. Upper surface light brown ; a transverse band of buff 

 widely edged with black crosses tho back and scapulars, the latter 

 being also tipped with buffy white ; rump white, longest upper 

 tail-coverts black towards the tip, and sometimes with a narrow 

 white edge ; primaries black, crossed by a wide white band ; on the 

 fiirst primary this baud is usually represented on the inner web by a 

 white spot, but is sometimes absent, on the second to seventh quills 

 it crosses tho feather, but on the eighth to tenth it becomes a sub- 

 terminal elongated transverse spot ; secondaries black, with white 



