]. CAPEIMULGTTS. 553 



(Foochow) ; Hinne, St mi/ F. xi. p. 38 (1888; Manipur) ; Seeb. B. 



Japan. Emp. p. 178 (IbOO) ; Hartert, Ibis, 1892, p. 283. 

 Caprimiilgus indicus, Pelz. JReis. Nov., Toy. p. 34 (1865; Malacca); 



Blyth, B. Burma, p. 83 (187o) ; Hume, Stray F. v. p. 17 (1877; 



Caehar), p. 318 (Tenasserim) ; Hume ^- Davis. Stray F. vi. p. 56 



(1878). 

 Caprimiilgus dytiscivoriis, Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 130 (Amoj-). 

 Caprimulgus melanopogon, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 918 



(187o), X. p. 311 (1877) ; id. Orn. Pupuas. i. p. 530 (1880 ; W. New 



Giiiuea). 

 Caprimulgus innominatus, Hume, Stray F. 1875, p. 318, note 



(Tenasserim). 



Adult male. Above grey, finely pencilled with brown, with broad 

 black stripes along the top of the head, back, and rump ; scapulars 

 with velvety black centres or spots and buff or rufous-buff spots or 

 bar-like markings ; wing-coverts with roundish buff spots speckled 

 with brown ; some longitudinal buff spots on the hind neck ; a 

 golden-buff spot on the sides of Ihe neck, just behind the ear- 

 coverts ; primaries deep blackish brown, outer webs with some 

 minute rufous spots, inner web of the first primarj' with a round 

 white spot, not reaching the shaft, a white band across both webs 

 of the next three ; central pair of rectrices deep blackish brown, 

 with broad pale greyish-brown dark speckled bars, the others with 

 narrower bands, becoming more rufous on the outer ones, and all, 

 except the central pair, with a broad subterminal white bar ; a 

 white band across the throat, interrupted in the centre and 

 variegated on the lower edge with ferruginous-buff and blackish 

 spots ; throat pale rufous buff with brown cross markings ; chest 

 and upper breast pale greyish brown, witli dark markings and some 

 more or less developed larger buff spots ; abdomen buft', barred 

 with dark brown, the bars becoming broader and less numerous on 

 the lower tail-coverts, which are sometimes nearly uniform ; rictal 

 bristles dark towards the base, not whitish as in C. mucrurus. Total 

 length about 11 to 12 inches, wing 8 to 8'7, tail 5*5 to 5"8, tarsus 

 0-G5, feathered in front. 



Adult female. Similar to the male, but a little smaller on an 

 average ; spots on the primaries buff and speckled, the band on the 

 second primary always interrupted, the spots on the throat buff, 

 the tail-feathers without a distinct white band. 



Young. Young individuals are paler above and below, the dark 

 marking less developed, and pervaded with a sandy-rufous tinge. The 

 young male shows already the white spots of the adult male, but 

 they are shaded with buff and that on the second quill is a littlo 

 interrupted. 



Hah. This species ranges from the vallcj' of the Amoor through 

 Manchuria, China, Japan, to Cochin-China and Burmah, and along 

 the Himalayas and Eastern Bengal liill-tracts. In India it is replaced 

 by a smaller and paler form (C. kdaarti), which is most developed 

 and typical in Southern India and Ceylon, while intermediate forms 

 are common more to the north. Northern specimens no doubt 

 migrate south in the cold season, and often occur far to the southward 

 in Malacca, Java, Borneo, and even in New Guinea. 



