245. Sphoeroides maculatus, lateral view of head, 97.5 mm SL, Virginia 313 



246. Co/omesuspsiffacus, lateral view of head, 178 mm SL, Surinam 314 



247. /lm6/yr/ivnc/T0fesric/iej, lateral view of head, 59.4 mm SL, New Zealand 314 



248. Fugu chrysops, lateral view of head, 98.6 mm SL, Japan 315 



249. Fugu oblongus, lateral view of head, 46.2 mm SL, India 315 



250. Arothron stellatus, lateral view of head, 292 mm SL, India 316 



251. Tetraodon mbu, lateral view of head, 47.7 mm SL, Congo 316 



252. C/ie/onodon/Zuuiafi'/is, lateral view of head, 84.7 mm SL, Thailand 317 



253. Monotreta leiurus, lateral view of head, 61.5 mm SL, Thailand 317 



254. C/ioner/imosmodestus, lateral view of head, 31.0 mm SL, Borneo 318 



2.55. Xenopferus aarif us, lateral view of head, 143 mm SL, Bay of Bengal 318 



256. Carmofetraodofi /ortett, lateral view of head, 35.9 mm SL, locality unknown 319 



Dorsal views of skulls: 



257. Sphoeroides maculatus, 12.4-201 mm SL, New Jersey and Virginia 320 



258. A, Sphoeroides dorsalis, 155 mm SL, Florida; B, S. nephelus, 128 mm SL, Bahamas; C, S. lobatus, 



67.5 mm SL, Panama (Pacific) 321 



259. A, Sphoeroides angusticeps, 172 mm SL, Galapagos; B, S. spengleri, 92.8 mm SL, Nicaragua; C, S. 



maculatus, 179 mm SL, Virginia 322 



260. A, Sphoeroides greeleyi, 60.8 mm SL, locality unknown; B, S. trichocephalus, 57.1 mm SL, Panama 



(Pacific); C, S. pachygaster, 117 mm SL, Mozambique 323 



261. Sphoeroides testudineus, 68.5 mm SL, Venezuela, and S. annulatus, 174 mm SL, locality unknown . . . 324 



262. Guentheridia formosa, 175 mm SL, Panama (Pacific), and Colomesus psittacus, 179 mm SL, Suri- 



nam 325 



263. A, Lagocephalus inermis, 52.2 mm SL, Bay of Bengal; B, L. scleratus, 80.9 mm SL, Philippines; C, 



L. lunaris, 62.3 mm SL, Bay of Bengal 326 



264. Lagocephalus spadiceus, 98.2 mm SL, Mozambique, and L. lagocephalus, 214 mm SL, Malpelo Is- 



lands 327 



265. /lm6/yr/iync/iotes/ioncfeem7, 97.4 mm SL, Mozambique, and A. n'c/iei, 59.4 mm SL, New Zealand .... 328 



266. Torquigener pleurogramma, 113 mm SL, Australia, and Amblyrhynchotes piosae, 33.8 mm SL, Aus- 



tralia 329 



267. Torqujgenerp/eurosfjctui, 87.1 mm SL, Australia, and Fugu c/irysops. 98.6 mm SL, Japan 330 



268. Fugu oblongus, 46.2 mm SL, India, and F. rubripes, 151 mm SL, Japan 331 



269. Aro</irofjste//a(us, ca. 420 mm SL, Seychelles, and A. armi7/a, 61 .3 mm SL, Australia 332 



270. Tetraodon lineatus, 222 mm SL, French Equatorial Africa, and T. mbu, 47.7 mm SL, Congo 333 



271. Ephippionguttifer, 101 mm SL, Guinea 334 



272. Chelonodon patoca, 70.6 mm SL, New Guinea, and C. fluviatilis, 84.7 mm SL, Thailand 335 



273. Monotreta gularis, 46.8 mm SL, Burma, and M. leiurus, 61.5 mm SL, Thailand 336 



274. C/ioner/imosmodestus, 54.5 mm SL, Borneo, and Xenopf ems narjtus, 143 mm SL, Bay of Bengal .... 337 



275. Carinotetraodon lorteti, 33.1 mm SL, locality unknown 338 



276. Ventral views of skulls of: Sphoeroides maculatus, 179 mm SL, Virginia, and Arothron stellatus, ca. 



420 mm SL, Seychelles 339 



277. Dorsal views of branchial arches and lateral views of hyoid arches of: Xenopterus naritus, 108 mm SL, 

 Bayof Bengal, and Arot^onmgropunctatus, 56.8 mm SL, Solomon Islands 339 



278. Hypothesized phylogenetic relationships ofthe genera of Tetraodontidae 341 



279. Range ofdiversity in body form in the Diodontidae: Diodonholocanthus and Chilomycterusschoepfi . . 343 



280. Diodon holocanthus, with Chilomycterus schoepfi for comparison: external features 344 



Diodon holocanthus, composite based on several specimens, 12.3-124 mm SL, Gulf of Mexico and Carib- 

 bean: 



281. lateral view of entire specimen 352 



282. lateral view of head 353 



283. dorsal and ventral views of skull 354 



284. posterior view of skull; lateral and posterior views of first abdominal vertebra; posterior view of orbit; 



dorsal view of lower jaw 355 



285. dorsal view of branchial arches; lateral and medial views of hyoid arch 356 



286. lateral view of pectoral girdle 357 



287. lateral view of caudal fin supporting structures 357 



288. Lateral view of entire specimen of another representative diodontid genus: Chilomycterus schoepfi, 



60.1 mm SL, Louisiana 359 



Dorsal views of skulls: 



289. Chilomycterus schoepfi, 60.1 mm SL, Louisiana, and C. affinis, 310 mm SL, Galapagos 360 



