290. Diodon jacuUferus, 53A mmSh, AuatialiA, and Chilomycterus orbicularis, 12.9 mmSL, Somalia .... 360 



291. Dicotylichthys punctulatus, 226 mm SL, Australia 361 



292. Chilomycterus schoepfi: dorsal view of branchial arches and lateral view of hyoid arch, 168 mm SL, 

 Florida 361 



293. Nasal apparatuses of representative diodontids: A, Chilomycterus mauretanicus; B, C. orbicularis; C, 



C. schoepfi; D, C. antennatus; E, C. reticulatus; F, C. atinga; G, Diodon hystrix; H, D. holocanthus; I, 



D. jaculiferus; J, Dicotylichthys punctulatus; K, D. nicthemerus 361 



294. Ventral views of upper jaws to show trituration tooth plates: A, Chilomycterus orbicularis, 77.0 mm SL, 

 Somalia, and 158 mm SL, Philippines; B, C. schoepfi, 62.5 mm SL, Texas, and 168 mm SL, Florida .... 362 



295. Chilomycterus schoepfi: lateral view of upper jaw; cross section through middle of one of the individual 

 flattened disklike trituration teeth; outline of about one-half of a trituration tooth; 168 mm SL, Flor- 

 ida 362 



Cross sections of upper and lower jaws just to one side of the midline: 



296. Diodon hystrix, 88.3 mm SL, 228 mm SL, 505 mm SL 363 



297. Diodon holocanthus, 63.4 mm SL, 122 mm SL, 183 mm SL, 375 mm SL 364 



298. Chilomycterus schoepfi, 97.6 mm SL, 166 mm SL 365 



299. Chilomycterus antillarum, 116 mm SL 365 



300. Chilomycterus atinga, 173 mm SL 365 



301. Chilomycterus mauretanicus, 92.2 mm SL 366 



302. Chart showing the increased number of trituration plates in the upper jaw in Diodon holocanthus, D. 

 hystrix, Chilomycterus schoepfi, C. mauretanicus, C. atinga, C. antillarum, and C. reticulatus 366 



303. Hypothesized phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Diodontidae 367 



304. Rangeofdiversity in body fnrmintheMolidae: Mola mola and Ramania laevis 368 



305. Mola mola: external features 369 



Mola mola, composite based on two specimens, 306 and 310 mm SL, California: 



306. lateral view of entire speciinen 378 



307. lateral view of head 379 



308. dorsal and ventral views of skull 380 



309. posterior view of skull; lateral and posterior views of first abdominal vertebra; posterior view of orbit; 



dorsal viewof lower jaw 381 



310. dorsal viewof branchial arches; lateral viewof hyoid arch 382 



311. lateral view of pectoral girdle 382 



312. lateral view of pseudocaudal fin supporting structures 383 



External features of other representative molid genera: 



313. Masturus lanceolatus 383 



314. Romania laevis 383 



315. Masf urns /anceo/af us, lateral view of entire specimen, 127 mm SL, Florida 385 



316. /Tanzania /aei'is, lateral viewof entire specimen, 65.1 mm SL, Hawaii 386 



317. Masturus /anceo/af us, ventral and dorsal views of skull, 127 mm SL, Florida 387 



318. Kanzania /aei;js, ventral and dorsal views of skall, 65.1 mm SL, Hawaii 388 



319. Masturus lanceolatus, lateral viewof head, 127 mm SL, Florida 388 



320. Ramania laevis, lateral viewof head, 65.1 mm SL, Hawaii 388 



321. Dorsal views of branchial arches and lateral views of hyoid arches: Ramania laeuis, 66.9 mm SL, Ha- 

 waii, and Masturus lanceolatus, 127 mm SL, Florida 389 



322. Masturus lanceolatus: dorsal viewof lower jaw, 127 mm SL, Florida 389 



323. Ramania laevis: dorsal view of lower jaw and ventral view of upper jaw, 493 mm SL, Hawaii; dorsal view 



of lower jaw, 65.1 mm SL, Hawaii 389 



324. Ramania laevis: diagrammatic representation of the relationships between the basal pterygiophores of 

 the dorsal, anal, and pseudocaudal fins and the neural and haemal spines of the supporting vertebrae; 



65.1 mm SL, Hawaii 390 



325. Ramania laevis: scales from upper middle region of body; 493 mm SL, Hawaii 390 



326. Hypothesized phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Molidae 392 



Tables 



1. Characteristics ofthe hyoid and branchial arches in families of Tetraodontiformes 413 



2. Total number of vertebrae and vertebral formulas of Recent plectognath fishes examined as radiographed 



and as cleared and stained specimens 414 



3. Numbers of teeth in the upper and lower jaws of ostracioids 420 



