Figure S3.— Monacanthut cUiahu: posterior 



views of skull (left) and 

 of orbit (right) (cross section of skull; dashed 



lines represent cut surfaces of frontals, 



supraoccipital. basal pterygiophore of spiny 



Jorsal fin and parasphenoid), 81.3 mm SL, Florida. 



region for locking contact with the posterior edge of the 

 posteromedial flange of the first spine and has a pair of 

 ventrolateral processes for muscle attachment, but the 

 length of the thin narrow distal shaft of the second spine 

 is variable. The distal shaft is usually so short that it is 

 difficult to see as it lies buried in the narrow band of skin 

 between the posterior edge of the first spine and the dor- 

 somedial edge of the body just behind it, and even when 

 relatively long, it never conspicuously protrudes through 

 the skin. 



Figure 84. — Monacanthus ciliatus: 

 dorsal view of branchial arches 

 (extended on lower side); lateral 

 view of hyoid arch and urohyal; 

 75.7 mm SL, Florida. 



^epibranchials 

 '^pharyngobranchials 



rohyal 



dorsal hypohyal 



ceratohyal 



branchiostegal rays 

 147 



