NONPLECTOGNATHS 



Acanthuridae 



(Identifications under revision) 



Acanthurus sp.: three specimens from the Eocene of 

 Monte Bolca, Italy; BMNH P 16130 and P 17020, in 

 counterpart, the two halves separately catalogued, 120 

 mm; MCSNV T 3, single plate, 25.6 mm; MCSNV T 1, 

 single plate, 18.8 mm, possibly a young Naseus 

 nuchalis. 



Acanthurus ovalis Agassiz: both specimens from the 

 Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy; MCSNV T 4-5, in 

 counterpart, 127 mm; IGUP 6874, single plate, 76.1 

 mm. 



Acanthurus tenuis Agassiz: BMNH P 11176, single 

 plate, 86.6 mm. Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy. 



Naseus intermedius Zigno: IGUP 6917-18, in counter- 

 part, 105 mm. Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy, holotype. 



Naseus nuchalis Agassiz: eight specimens from the 

 Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy; MNHN (IP) 10910-11, 

 in counterpart, 155 mm, holotype; BMNH P 19059, 

 single plate, 212 mm; BMNH P 11174, in counterpart, 

 151 mm; BMNH P 11098, in counterpart, 177 mm; 

 IGUP 12062-63, in counterpart, 190 mm; IGUP 11609- 

 10, in counterpart, 152 mm; MCSNV T 12, single 

 plate, 109 mm; MCSNV B 1965.13, single plate, 106 

 mm. 



Naseus rectifrons Agassiz: 18 specimens from the 

 Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy; MNHN (IP) 10908-09, 

 in counterpart, 189 mm, holotype; BMNH P 10427, 

 single plate, 205 mm; BMNH P 11173, in counterpart, 

 112 mm; BMNH P 41890, single plate, 171 mm; 

 BMNH P 9831, single plate, 67.5 mm; BMNH P 21393, 

 single plate, ca. 200 mm, incomplete; BMNH P 43490, 

 in counterpart, 38.4 mm; IGUP 11895, single plate, 

 83.0 mm; IGUP 25103, single plate, 160 mm; IGUP 

 25101, single plate, 189 mm; IGUP 8701-02, in counter- 



part, 185 mm; IGUP 8698-99, in counterpart, 97.0 mm; 

 MCSNV Vin C 58-59, two specimens with the same 

 catalogue number, both in counterpart, 92.4 and 195 

 mm; MCSNV Vm C 56-57, in counterpart, 88.8 mm; 

 MCSNV MS. C 50, single plate, 144 mm; MCSNV VHI 

 C 70, single plate, 108 mm; MCSNV Vm C 68, single 

 plate, 187 mm; AMNH 9531 A-B, in counterpart, 212 

 mm. 

 Naso deani (Hussakof): AMNH 7483, single plate, 231 

 mm, Antigua, West Indies, uncertain age, holotype of 

 Zebrasoma deani. 



Acanthonemidae 



Acanthonemus subaureus (de Blainville): 10 speci- 

 mens from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy; 

 MNHN (IP) 10904-05, in counterpart, 192 mm, 

 holotype of Chaetodon subaureus; MNHN (IP) 10906- 

 07, in counterpart, 99.5 mm; BMNH P 16201, single 

 plate, 126 mm; BMNH P 9940, single plate, 165 mm; 

 BMNH P 16200-01, in counterpart, 126 mm; IGUP 

 25100, single plate, ca. 123 mm; IGUP 25102, single 

 plate, 167 mm; IGUP 11606-07, in counterpart, 126 

 mm; IGUP 6884, single plate, 62.8 mm; MCSNV VD 

 108-109, ca. 72 mm. 



Zanclidae 



Eozanclus brevirostris (Agassiz): MNHN (IP) 10740- 

 41, in counterpart, 101 mm. Eocene of Monte Bolca, 

 Italy, holotype of Zanclus brevirostris. 



Teleostei Incertae Sedis 



Protriacanthus gortanii d'Erasmo: IGPUB uncata- 

 logued, single plate, 20.5 mm. Lower Cenomanian of 

 Comen, near Trieste, Italy, holotype. 



EPILOGUE 



Remaining Problems 



The more outstanding remaining problems on the 

 anatomy, classification, and phylogeny of the plectog- 

 naths of which I am aware are the need for: 1) system- 

 atic surveys of other anatomical systems to complement 

 that on the myology by Winterbottom (1974) and on the 

 osteology and external features presented here; 2) 

 systematic worldwide familial revisions of the balis- 

 toids, ostracioids, tetraodontoids, and molids, to expand 

 the coverage of groups begun by Tyler (1968) for triacan- 

 thoids; 3) future diggings to increase the number of perti- 

 nent fossils available and tell us more about the 



phylogeny and anatomical diversity of the order and its 

 relatives; 4) rigorous comparisons between the fossil and 

 Recent acanthurids and their chaetodontoidlike rela- 

 tives with the fossil and Recent plectognaths to defini- 

 tively determine if these groups share a late Cretaceous 

 or early Eocene ancestral stock; 5) a reconciliation of 

 any conflicting classificatory schemes for plectognaths 

 based on similar hypothesized phylogenies; and 6) clari- 

 fication of specific identifications and nomenclature of 

 many Indo-Pacific tetraodontids, diodontids, and mona- 

 canthids. 



