71 



spicules are arranged in eight double rows, each of live [)airs of converging 

 spicules, the uppermost pair of each row projecting beyond the polyp. The 

 spicules are flattened spindles, straight or curved, with numerous small spines. 

 The lower spicules measure 0'24 nun. in length and 0016 mm. in breadth, while 

 the upper projecting spicules have an average length of 04 mm. and breadth of 

 0"032 mm. On the aboral surface of each tentacle there are three rows of small 

 spicules placed transversely. 



The Stiitzbundel is well developed, consisting of a number of large spicules 

 which may reach a length of 37 mm. and a breadth of 024: mm. ; they may 

 project for a distance of loH nun. 



Cortical spicules : {a) The stem has spindles, curved or straight, with 

 numerous rough warts all over the surface. Several show a bifurcation at one 

 end antl the smaller have spines rather than warts. They are from 016 to 3'2 

 mm. long and from 0'032 to 0*36 mm. broad. They form a complete casing for 

 the stem and branches. 



(A) The stalk contains thick spindles, straight or curved, three- and four- 

 rayed, and numerous irregular forms. All are thickly covered by rough or 

 branched warts. Spindles are from 016 to 16 mm. long and from 008 to 024 

 mm. broad ; they are often slightly club-shaped. The three-rayed forms seem 

 in many cases to be simple spindles with a great development of a spine on one 

 side ; they measure up to 064 mm. from tip to tip. 



Canal-wall spicules : {(t) In the stem there are thick spindles, straight or 

 curved, from 0'64 to 24 mm. long, fi'om 016 to 045 mm. broad, and thickly 

 covered by rough or Itranched warts. 



{/)) In the stalk there are spindles from 0"64 to 2"4 mm. long and from 

 0"16 to 0"48 mm. broad ; three-, four- and five-rayed forms varying in length from 

 04 to 16 mm., and a few irregular forms. All are covered by numerous rough 

 and branched warts. The spindles have very often a number of small branches 

 which arise in no set order on any part of the surface ; several of them have at 

 one end three short branches in tripod arrangement. 



Colour — Stalk, deep red in the lower part, gradually becoming lighter to- 

 wards the top ; stem a beautiful golden yellow ; branches white ; twigs, polyp- 

 stalks and polyp-spicules a bluish-pink. 



Locality : Andamans. 



DIVISION UMBELLAT.E. 



Dendronephthya umbellulifera, Kiikenthal. 



A magnificent white colony 25 cm. high seems referable to this species. 

 From the base of the stem, which is 19 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter, there 

 arise root-like processes, 1'5 to 2 cm. long, which are evidently adapted for 



