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leaf-like or fold-like structures, two of which w ith veiy broad bases are reflexed 

 and almost surround the stem, the collar portion hiding the upper part of the 

 stalk, leaving only two small spaces which are occupied by the upper flattened 

 leaf-shajied portion of two small branches which arise at a slightly lower level 

 and have ordinary cylindi'ical stems. Above the lower flattened branches 

 several of the branches near the base of each principal branch show a slight 

 tendency to flattening either in the stalk or in the upper ])ortion or in both. 



The polyps are arranged in small groups of four to seven individuals 

 on stalks of medium length. The members of a group stand fairly close 

 together on the upper part of the polyparium but are slightly more divergent 

 on the lower part. On the flattened lower branches they occur singly or 

 in small groups of three to four polyps. The polyps are roundish bodies 

 measuring on an average 084 mm. in height and 0'9 mm. in breadth. They 

 are placed at an obtuse angle on stalks which average a little over 1 mm. in 

 length. The polyp-spicules are arranged in eight double rows of five pairs ; 

 the second pair from the top are usually slightly longest and one of them 

 projects beyond the poly}) ; that of the dorsal row, however, is not so well devel- 

 oped. The lower spicules have an average length of 024 mm. while the longer 

 upper spicules may reach 048 mm. and project for a distance of 0'21 mm. 

 Between the upper rows at the apex of the polyp several small spicules may 

 be seen lying irregularly. On the aboral surface of the tentacles there are two 

 rows of horizontally placed spicules, closely packed together ; these are flattened 

 toothed spindles. 



The Stiitzbiindel is well developed, one or two of the spicules being very 

 large. One of these may reach a length of 4'0 mm. and project for a distance 

 of 1-2 mm. beyond the polyp; the tip of a second is usually seen projecting 

 for a short distance. Polyps are found in which the Stiitzbiindel spicules are 

 much shorter and scarcely project at all, while there are still smaller polyps in 

 which the Stiitzbimdel is represented by several spicules which do not project. 



Cortical spicules : {a) The spicules of the stem are very large spindles, 

 either straight or curved, and covered with numerous regularly arranged very 

 rough warts. Some of the larger spindles show bifurcation at the end. Many 

 of the smaller spindles have fewer, smoother warts which approach blunt spines 

 in shape. The smaller spindles vary from 0'12 to 0"36 mm. in length and from 

 0042 to 006 mm. in breadth. The rough, and on the whole, larger spicules 

 vary from 0-33 to 48 nun. in length and from 012 to 036 mm. in breadth. 

 In the stem and main branches they are arranged for the most part trans- 

 versely, while in the smaller branches and twigs the arrangement is more 

 nearly longitudinal. 



{//) The spicules of the stalk include short spindles, usually curved and 

 often with an expansion on the convex side, three-sided, flattened, oval or four- 



