147 



(a) Spindles markedly tapering, 2-2 x 0'55 ; 2 x 05 ; 18 x 0-4. 



(l)) Half-spindles or clubs, 1-05 x 0-25 ; 0-8 x 0-3 ; 075 x 0-3. 



(B) AnthocodicXi — pale yellow spiny spindles and scales : — 



{<() " ('rown "—warty curved spindles (fig-. 3b), 0-95 x 018 ; 0-85 x 0-14. 



(/>) " Points " — warty spindles straight, curved, or club-sbape<l (fig. 3b), 

 0-95 X 01 ; 0-9 x 015 ; 085 x 01. 



(r) Tentacles — scale-like, with irreguhir edges ; many are constricted near 

 the middle (fig. 3c), 0-08 x 0-02 ; 0-07 x 0-035 ; 0-06 x 0-02. 



Locality : Andamans. 



Cactogorgia expansa, Simpson. Plate VII., figs. 7-9. 



Of this species there is but a single specimen, of a pale chocolate colour ; 

 it is 35 mm. in height and 30 mm. in maximum breadth. It has a somewhat 

 cylindrical trunk surmounted by two fan-shaped polyp-bearing lobes, which give 

 it a reniform ap{)earance (fig. 7). The trunk or stalk is 19 mm. in height and 7 mm. 

 in diameter ; the lobes are respectively (1) 16 mm. in breadth, 11 mm. in height, 

 with a width of 11 mm. at the constriction ; and (2) 18 mm. in breadth, 14 mm. 

 in height, with a width of 13 mm. at the constriction. One of the lobes, owing 

 to a downward growth, has become slightly convoluted. This species resembles 

 C. relosioides in general character, but the general tone is more opaque. 



The polyps, as in the first species, occur mainly on the periphery, but this 

 feature is not so marked ; several arise on the flattened portions from points in 

 close proximity to the circumference. The stalk is quite destitute of polyps. 



Several canals penetrate the stalk ; these have veiy thin walls, but maintain 

 their cylindrical form by reason of the rigidity of the canenchyma. They 

 branch in the polyp-bearing part, and separate canals may be traced to the 

 individual polyps. 



The coenenchyma is densely .spiculose. The spicules on the surface are 

 opaque and appear white ; they are arranged in a very irregular manner, so that 

 they present a peculiar and characteristic appearance quite distinct from that in 

 C. celosioides. 



The verrucie are not very conspicuous ; they are supported by spicules 

 arranged for the most part longitudinally, but often quite irregularly. The 

 anthocodia? (fig. 8) are about 15 mm. in length and 1 mm. in breadth when 

 partially extruded. They bear a distinct " crown and points " arrangement. 

 The " crown " consists of about eight rows of curved spicules interlocking more 

 closely in the upper portion of the stomodoeal region. Surmounting this are eight 

 points composed of six to eight pairs of slightly curved or club-shaped .spindles 

 arranged " en chevron " ; these increase in size towards the base of the tentacles. 

 On the aboral surface of the tentacles there are numerous small scale-like spicules 

 arranged longitudinally. 



