184 



I. hippuris, LiunaBus, 1758 ; Pallas, 1766 ; and Isis hippuris, Linnaeus, 1758. 



Studer, 1786; Milne-Edwards and Haime, 



1857 ; Gray, 1857 ; K511iker, 1865 ; Wright 



and Studer, 1889. 

 I. melitensis, Lamarck, 1836. 

 I. moniliformis, Steenstrup ; Milne-Edwards and 



Haime, 1857. 

 I. neapoUtana, von Koch, 1887. Isidella jieapolitana, G. von Koch, 1887. 



/. nobilis, Pallas, 1766; Lamarck, 1822. Corallium rubrum, Lamarck, 1801. 



I. ochracea, Linnaeus, 1758 ; Pallas, 1766 ; Melitaa ochracea, Gray, 1857. 



Esper, 1797 ; Gmel. ; Esperand Studer, 1786. 

 I. polyacantha, Steenstrup ; Milne-Edwards and 



Haime, 1857. 



/. (ircjiorU, I. me(itfm!<is, J. moui/i/ormif! and I. puliiarantha are almost names 

 without descriptions, and so cannot with certainty be referred to their proper 

 place in classification. 



Isis hippuris. 



1608. Hifpuns m.rea, Clusius, I. p. 1:24. 



Corallium alhnvi artiruhttinn, Seba, t. iv. p. 20*2, Plate C'X. fig. 1. 



1737. Sertularia ramoxis-sima, Linna?us, II. p. 4^0. 



Ms hippuris, Linnpeus, 1758, III. i). 7i»9 ; Pallas, 1766, VI. p. 233; 

 Ellis and Solander, 1786, VII. p. 105, Plate III. fig. 1 ; Esper, 

 1797, VIII. tom. i. p. 279, Plate I. Plate II. Plate Ilia. figs. 

 1-5; Lamouroux, 1816, XIV. p. 475 ; Lamouroux, 1821, XV. 

 p. 59, Plate III. fig. 1; Lamarck, 1816, XI. tom. ii. p. 302; 

 Blainville, 1834, XVI. p. 503, Plate LXXXVI. fig. 1 ; Lamarck, 

 1836, XII. p. 475 ; Steenstrup, XVIII. ; Cuvier, Regne Anim. 

 tom. iii. p. 312; Dana, 1846, XIX. p. 144; Milne-Edwards and 

 Haime, 1857, XXIL ; Gray, 1857, XXIII. p. 283 ; Kolliker, 

 1865, XXIV. p. 140, tab. 19, figs. 42 and 43, tab. 16, fig. 4 ; 

 Wright and Studer, 1889, XXXII. 



In 1766 Pallas, in his " Elenchus Zooi)hytorum," gives a brief descrip- 

 tion of Isis hippuris in the following terms: "Axis articulated, alternately 

 branched ; cortex thick and slightly porous ". Twenty years later Ellis and 

 Solander, with their usual j^recision and careful observation of detail, descrilje 

 some specimens obtained at Sunda and Sumatra. Their somewhat lengthy 

 description {i.e., in comparison with the usual terse and contracted diagnoses 

 of the time) is well worth quoting : " Jointed stony stem, which rises into many 

 loose branches. The bone or support of the animal consists of white, cylindrical, 

 stony, channelled joints connected together by black contracted horny inter- 

 mediate ones. The flesh is whitish, plump and full of minute vessels ; the 

 surface of it is full of the little mouths of the cells which are disposed in a 



