212 



E. modesta, Stucler : Bay of Kobe, Japan, 8-50 fathoms. 



E. intermedia, Studer : N.W. Australia, Mermaid Straits, 50 fathoms ; 

 Andamans ; Arakan Coast, 13 fathoms. 



E. multispinnsa, Thomson and Henderson : Ceylon ; Andamans ; Coro- 

 mandel Coast, 14-15 fathoms. 



E. macrospiculata, n. sp. : Andamans. 



E.flexilis, n. sp. : Arakan Sea, 13 fathoms. 



The following doubtful species are only imperfectly known : E. sasxapo, 

 Esper, Mauritius ; E. /ur/uracea, Esper ; E. cerea, Esper ; E. canc.ellata, Verrill, 

 N.W. Australia ; E. umbratica, Esper, East Indies ; while E. aaraiitlaca, Milne 

 Edwards, has been found off Callao. 



Species of Echinogorgia in this Colleetion. 



Echinogorgia flabellum, Esper. 



Belonging to this species there is a large reticulate colony 18 cm. in height 

 and 16 cm. in maximum breadth. The specimen is damaged at the base, the 

 attachment being absent. There are three or four large branches which in all 

 probability arose from a single base. The colony is expanded in one plane and 

 anastomoses are fairly abundant. The main bi'anches are sinuous and the 

 secondaries arise in all directions, many running horizontally and fusing, others 

 turning upwards and again branching. The general tendency is towards a sub- 

 parallel arrangement. 



The coenenchyma is thick and rough. It presents a glistening aren- 

 aceous surface due to the projecting folia of the spicules. The colour is almost 

 coral-red. 



The polyps are disposed over the whole surface and are densely crowded 

 on the twigs. The verrucne are about 1 mm. in height and 065 mm. in diameter 

 at the base. In shajje they resemble truncated cones, but the projecting spicules 

 give them a very pi-ickly appearance, and there is a distinct circlet of spines 

 around the circular opening, which is directed slightly upward towards the stem. 

 The anthocodifti are completely retractile leaving a small circular opening. 

 The tentacular operculum is feebly developed and consists of two spindles en- 

 closing an angle, and one row at the base. The tentacles are white in colour. 



The horny axis is usually flattened in the plane perpendicular to that of 

 ramification but is cylindrical in the younger twigs. In the main branches, where 

 the section is elliptical the lengths of the long and short axes are 2-25 mm. and 

 1 mm. respectively. The colour is black at the base but fades gradually to a 

 pale yellow in the twigs. 



The spicules are very heterogeneous in form but the following are the more 

 prominent types with measurements in millimetres : — 



