18 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 



Of the former we ma}- take the Urrabunna, living to the west 

 of Lake Eyre, as an example. In this the whole tribe is divided 

 into two exogamous intermarrying divisions, each of which we 

 will speak of as a phratry. One of these is called Matthurrie 

 and the other Kirarawa. A Matthurrie man must marry a 

 Kirarawa woman, and his children are Kirarawa, that is, they 

 belong to the mother's moiety. In addition to the phratry name, 

 each individual bears a totem name, that is, he or she is a member 

 of a group of individuals — the whole group being distributed in 

 various localities over the district occupied by the tribe — who 

 are supposed to be especially associated with some animal or 

 plant, the name of which they bear. Each of these groups is 

 called by the natives a Thunthunnie, and no man or woman may 

 eat the animal or plant associated with his or her own totem or 

 Thunthunnie. Further still, there are particular totems restricted 

 to the two phratries, and by means of them further restrictions 

 are placed upon marriage — a Matthurrie man of one totem having 

 to marry a Kirarawa woman of another totem. . A few of these 

 and the marriage relationship is shown in the following table : — 



Man. Woman. Children are 



Phratry. Totem. Phratrj'. 



Matthiirrie Cicada, marries, Kirarawa 



„ Dingo ,, ,, 



„ Emu „ „ 



,, Swan „ „ 



This shows at once that both as regards phratry and totem the 

 children follow the mother. 



Takin" now the Arunta tribe^ we may describe its organisation 

 in outline as follows. There are four subphratries so coupled 

 together as to give clear evidence of the former existence of two 

 main phratries. These four subphratries are called Panunga and 

 Bultharra, Purula and Kumarra. Panunga and Bultharra 

 represent one moiety or phratry, Purula and Kumarra the other. 

 Further reference will be made to this point later on. We can 

 tabulate the marriage arrangements as follows : 



1 The Urrabunna tribe is practically identical in or{,'anisation with that described by 

 Mr. Howitt as occurring in the adjoining Dieri tribe, and the organisation of the Arunta 

 tribe has already been, to a certain extent, described by Messrs. Fison, Howitt, Stirling, 

 and Gillen. 



