iU JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [vol. in 



In doing so he apparently overlooked the existence of two older homonyms 

 namely Ilex caroliniana of Miller (17G8) and of Trelease (1889) . According 

 to the International Rules the first of the two homonyms could not 

 invalidate Loesener 's combination, as Miller's name is a synonym of 

 Ilex Cassine L., but Trelease 's name is to be accepted under the Inter- 

 national Rules as a valid name 4 . Aside from this, however, another 

 reason why I. caroliniana Loesener should be rejected, is the fact that 

 Cassine caroliniana Lamarck belongs only partly to Ilex vomitoria, as 

 Lamarck confused under Cassine caroliniana two entirely different plants 

 namely Ilex vomitoria Aiton which having 4-merous flowers would not 

 belong in his genus Cassine at all and Viburnum obovatum Walter. As 

 the description seems to be chiefly based on Miller's Cassine corymbosa^ 

 and on the figure representing that species which is identical with Vibur- 

 num obovatum, Cassine caroliniana should be referred according to its 

 chief component as a synonym to the latter species. Therefore Ilex 

 caroliniana Loesener, being based on a species the type of which is identical 



A Ilex caroliniana Trelease in Trans. Acad. Sei. St. Louis, v. 347, (1889). — Cassine carolini- 

 ana Walter, Fl. Carol. 242 (138). — Prinos ambiguus Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. n. 23(> (1803). 

 Synstima acuminata Rafinesque, Sylv. Tellur. 48 (1838). — Synstima caroliniana Rafinesque 

 I.e. 4 9(1838).— Ilex a mbigua Chapman, Fl. S. U. S. 269 (I860).— Nemopanthes ambiguus 

 Wood, Classb. Bot. Fl. U. S. Can. 497 (18G1). — Synstima ambigua Rafinesque "Sylv. 

 Tellur. 48" apud S. Watson, Bibl. Ind. X. Am. Bot. 157 (1878). 



According to the Philadelphia Code Trelease 's combination is invalidated by the older 

 homonym Ilex caroliniana of Miller, but that being a synonym of Ilex Cassine does not pre- 

 vent the acceptance of Ilex caroliniana Trelease under the International Rules. Neither 

 could Walter's Cassine caroliniana be rejected as non-valid on account of the older homonym 

 of Lamarck, which as pointed out below is a synonym of Viburnum corymbosum Rehd. (V. 

 obovatum Ait.). The point, however, may be raised, if a tentative proposition of a name as 

 in this case where Trelease says under Ilex ambigua in a note: "If this specific name (Cas- 

 sine caroliniana W'alter) is to be accepted, the plant becomes /. caroliniana (Walt.)" should 

 be considered a valid publication. There is nothing in the Rules which covers this point 

 exactly, but the tendency is to accept such names, and therefore, I think, we have to accpet 

 /. caroliniana Trelease as the valid name for /. ambigua Chapman. 



6 Cassine corymbosa Miller, has been referred in Index ke wens is as a synonym to Ilex 

 Cassine, but a glance at Miller's description and the figure and the synonyms cited that it 

 is identical with the plants described later by Aiton as Viburnum laevigatum and by Walter 

 as V. obovatum. As Miller's name antedates these two names the following new combination 



becomes necessary. 



Viburnum corymbosum, comb, nov.— Cassine corymbosaMil\er,Ga.rd. Diet. i. no. 1 (17(58). 

 Cassine peragua Linnaeus, Mant. 2££ (1771).— Cassine caroliniana Lamarck, Encycl. 

 Meth. i. <m4 (1783), excl. syn. "Bauh. Pin.*' and remarks.— Viburnum obovatum, Walter, 

 Fl. Carol. 116 (1788). — Viburnum laevigatum Aiton, Hort. Kew I. 371 (187!)).— //cr Peragua 

 Trelease in Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. v. 346 (1889), as to the synonym Cassine peragua L. 

 Ilex caroliniana Loesener, Hot. Centralbl. xlvii. 103 (1891), as to the synonym Cassine 

 caroliniana Lam. 



Though the figure published by Miller (Fig. PI. i. 55, t. 83, fy. 1. [1760| ) and cited under 

 his Cassine corymbosa is not exactly typical for the species in question, it cannot be referred 

 to any other species than Viburnum obovatum Walter, which was in cultivation in England 

 since 1724 and we have under the present rules no choice but to use the oldest specific name, 

 even if published under an entirely wrong genus. 



