1923] PALMER, THE RED RIVER FOREST AT FULTON, ARKANSAS 21 



low woods and on the flat uplands. In the latter environment it often 

 forms a large percentage of the forest. Some magnificent specimens occur, 

 attaining a height of 35 meters or more, a trunk diameter of nearly 2 

 meters and with a wide spread of branches in more open situations. 



Quercus Shumardii Buckley. Commonest in flat upland woods and on 

 banks of streams. A fine handsome species, distinguishable from the 

 variety Schneckii by the broad flat, often tubercled cups of its fruit, which 

 in size and shape resembles that of the northern Red Oak. There is often 

 also a marked difference in the leaves of the upper and lower branches, the 

 former being deeply incised and the latter having shallow open sinuses. 



Quercus Shumardii var. Schneckii (Brit.) Sarg. Often frequent in 

 upland woods; prefering banks and well drained soils. This is a handsome 

 Oak, sometimes attaining a height of more than forty meters and a trunk 

 diameter of more than a meter. The trunk, usually rising from a well 

 buttressed base, is typically straight and free from branches for a con- 

 siderable height. 



Quercus velutina Lam. This species is rather common in places in 

 upland woods. 



Quercus velutina var. missouriensis Sarg. Common with the last. 



X Quercus subfalcata Trel. Several individuals of this interesting hybrid 

 between Quercus phellos and Q. rubra have been found in the flat upland 

 woods in the vicinity of Fulton and McNab. 



Quercus nigra X Shumardii. A supposed hybrid between these two 



species has been found on the banks of a small creek a few miles from 



McNab. The tree is of adult size, perhaps 10 meters in height, but fruit 



has not yet been collected from it. It is growing in close proximity to the 



supposed parents. 



Quercus Durandii X stellata. A single individual, apparently a hybrid 



between these two species, is growing on the top of a bluff near McNab, 



as described in a former paragraph of this article. 



ULMACEAE 



Ulmus americana L. An abundant species in upland woods. 



Ulmus alaia Michx. Commoner than the last and more widely dis- 

 tributed; often growing in low flat woods as well as on uplands. 



Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. The commonest Elm of low swampy woods, 

 but also found on flat poorly drained lands of the Lafayette formation. 



Ulmus fulva Michx. Rather uncommon and confined to banks and bluffs 

 of the sand hills section. 



Ulmus serotina Sarg. This rather rare, or at least little known, southern 

 Elm has recently been found in low sandy woods near McNab. 



Celtis laevigata Willd. Common and growing to a large size in low 

 swampy woods, and also found less abundantly on flat uplands. 



Celtis laevigata var. texana Sarg. This well marked variety is sometimes 

 found in upland woods and along the banks of small streams. 



