210 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [vol. iv 



dauerhaft;bringt bey unsreifenSaamen." He adds' 4 Miller 2." Burgsdorf, 

 1. c. 33, under no. 93 indicates another form: "5. humilis. Der Zwerg- 

 Berbisbeer-Strauch. La petite Epine vinette de Virginie. The American 



dwarf Barberry. Sommergriin; Erdholz; dauerhaft ; bringt bey uns Saamen. 

 Loddiges Cat. (1st. nicht beschrieben)." This form, too, seems to be B. 



canadensis. 



This species probably came to France soon after the first French settlers 



went in Virginia. They were aware of the value of the fruits for sweets 

 that were highly esteemed at that time in France. In England the 

 species apparently soon disappeared from gardens until 1828 when it 

 was reintroduced according to Sweet (as B. caroliniana). At present the 

 true B. canadensis is rarely to be seen in European gardens according to 

 Bean's statement and my own observations; the name B. canadensis is 

 often used for forms of the B. emarginata-provincialis group. Berber is 

 canadensis is well characterized by its dark, finely pustulate branches, 

 the somewhat whitish undersurface of its scarcely veined, rather smooth 

 leaves which on vigorous shoots are rather broad or almost roundish with 

 a coarse subundulate dentation, by its rather small pale yellow flowers, 

 and its ellipsoidal fruits of a shining almost lacquered red. 



The following forms seem to represent hybrids between B. canadensis 

 and the European B. vulgaris. 



X Berberis declinata Schrader in Linnaea xii. 368 (1838). — Schneider 

 in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. xv. 177 (1907). 



? B. crenulata Schrader, 1. c. 3(52. 



B. caroliniana d) B. declinata Koch, Dendrol. i. 399 (1869). 



Frutex ut videtur squarrosus; ramuli annotini flavescentes vel brun- 

 nescentes sed distincte violascentes, satis angulato-sulcati, laeves, 

 vel ut biennes sordide brunnescenti-cinerascentes et nigro-punctati, 

 vetustiores nigrescentes ; internodia 1.5-2(-2.5) cm. longa; spinae 3-fidae 

 vel simplices, satis debiles, flavescentes, subtus sulcatae, mediae 8-10 

 mm. longae (vel inferiores validiores ad 2.5 cm. longae), lateralibus 

 longiores. Folia ad 6-fasciculata, inaequalia, matura crasse papyracea, 

 ramulorum fertilium obovato-oblonga, vel obovato-elliptica, apice obtusa 

 vel breviter acuta, minute mucronulata, basi satis subito in petiolum 

 2-10(-15) mm. longum contracta, margine indistincte vel minute satis 

 distanter (rarius angustius) serrata vel subintegerrima, minimis exceptis 

 2 : 0.9 ad 2.5 : 1.5 (vel 4.5 : 2) cm. petiolis exceptis magna, superne 

 saturate viridia, subtus discoloria, cinerascentia vel glaucescentia, pruin- 

 osa, utraque pagina satis laxe et tenuiter reticulata, (margines cellularum 

 epidermidis utriusque faciei fere aequimagnarum subrectae vel leviter 

 undulatae); folia ramulos juveniles fulcientia majora, obovato- vel el- 

 liptico-oblonga, grossius et distantius serrata (serraturis inferioribus ad 2 

 mm. longis), ad 5 : 2.5 (vel ad 7 : 3.5) cm. magna petiolo ad 1 cm. longo 

 incluso, surculorum ovato-elliptica vel late elliptica, satis obtusa, distanter 



